11.4 TYPES OF IMMUNITY

• What is active immunity?


  Active immunity means the body's immune system is actively involved in the production of antibodies.
• How are antibodies obtained in passive immunity?

  Antibodies in passive immunity are received from an external source such as antiserum or across the placenta.
• What distinguishes natural immunity from artificial immunity?

  Natural immunity is triggered by naturally-occurring events, while artificial immunity involves synthesized substances introduced to a person.
• What happens when someone catches the flu in terms of immunity?


  When someone catches the flu, they are exposed to the virus, which stimulates the production of antibodies.
• How does vaccination work in terms of immunity?

  Vaccination introduces dead or weakened disease-causing pathogens into the body to trigger antibody production.
• How do maternal antibodies provide protection to the fetus during pregnancy?


  Maternal antibodies can move across the placenta to the fetus for protection.
• What type of antibodies does a baby acquire from breastfeeding?


  A baby acquires mainly IgA antibodies from the mother through breastfeeding.
• When is artificial immunization typically given?


  Artificial immunization is given when traveling to high-risk disease areas or as emergency treatment for certain diseases.
• What are the similarities between active and passive immunity?

  • Both keep people safe from communicable diseases.
  • Both involve antigen-antibody interaction.
• What are the differences between active and passive immunity?

  Active Immunity:

  • Achieved through active production by the host's immune system.
  • Induced naturally through infections or vaccines.
  • Antibodies produced by lymphocytes.
  • Provides long-term protection with immunological memory.

  
  

  Passive Immunity:

  • Achieved through receiving ready-made antibodies.
  • Provides immediate protection.
  • No memory cells produced.
  • Short-term protection.
• What is the effect of active immunity on protection duration?


  Active immunity provides lifetime and effective protection.
• What is the role of booster doses in artificial active immunity?


  Booster doses are required to raise the amount of antibodies above the immunity level.
• How does passive immunity provide protection?


  Passive immunity provides immediate protection to the host.
• What happens to antibody levels in artificial passive immunity after pathogen elimination?


  Antibody levels drop rapidly below immunity level after pathogen elimination.
• How does the presence of memory cells affect antibody production in active immunity?


  Memory cells help the body respond faster and produce a higher level of antibodies upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.
• What is the difference in antibody production between the first and second exposure to a pathogen in active immunity?


  The second exposure stimulates a higher level of antibody production due to immunological memory.
• How does the antibody level change over time in active immunity?


  The level of antibodies stays high above the immunity level after each encounter with the pathogen.
• What occurs in the body during artificial passive immunity after antibody injection?


  The body is not actively involved in antibody production, and no memory cells are produced.
• What is the significance of immunological memory in active immunity?


  Immunological memory allows for a faster and more effective immune response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.
• How would you explain the need for a booster dose in vaccinations?


  A booster dose is needed to ensure that antibody levels remain above the immunity threshold for effective protection.
• If a person receives antiserum, what type of immunity are they experiencing?


  They are experiencing passive immunity.
• What would happen if a person does not receive a second injection of antiserum after the first?


  The person may not be protected from the disease as antibody levels would drop below immunity level.
• What is the cookie duration for BeeswaxIO Corporation?


  395 days
• What types of data does BeeswaxIO Corporation collect and process?


  IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data
• What is the cookie duration for Sovrn, Inc.?


  365 days
• What types of data does Sovrn, Inc. collect and process?


  IP addresses, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data
• Does Adikteev use cookies?


  No, it doesn't use cookies
• What types of data does Adikteev collect and process?


  IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Users’ profiles, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Authentication-derived identifiers
• What is the cookie duration for RTB House S.A.?


  365 days
• What types of data does RTB House S.A. collect and process?


  IP addresses, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data
• What is the cookie duration for The UK Trade Desk Ltd?


  365 days
• What types of data does The UK Trade Desk Ltd collect and process?

  IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Authentication-derived identifiers, Precise location data
• What is the cookie duration for Nexxen Inc.?


  180 days
• What types of data does Nexxen Inc. collect and process?


  IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data
• What is the cookie duration for Epsilon?


  184 days
• What types of data does Epsilon collect and process?


  IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, User-provided data, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Authentication-derived identifiers
• What is the cookie duration for Yahoo EMEA Limited?


  397 days
• What types of data does Yahoo EMEA Limited collect and process?


  IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices, Users’ profiles, Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data, Precise location data
• What is the cookie duration for ADventori SAS?


  90 days
• What types of data does ADventori SAS collect and process?


  IP addresses, Probabilistic identifiers, Browsing and interaction data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Device identifiers, Non-precise location data