The Problem of Evil and Suffering

• What are the two types of problems related to evil discussed in the video?

  The logical problem and the evidential problem
• What are the three theodicies mentioned in the video?

  The Free Will defense, the soul-making theodicy, and process theology
• What is moral evil defined as in the video?

  Acts committed by human beings such as murder, theft, and rape
• How is natural evil described in the video?

  Suffering caused by nature, such as disease and natural disasters
• What is the significance of the Fall in relation to natural evil?

  It is the moment when sin enters the world, causing disharmony
• What does original sin refer to?

  The doctrine that all humans are born innately sinful due to the Fall
• What is a theodicy?

  A philosophical defense of God's goodness in the face of evil
• What does epistemic distance mean?

  A distance of knowledge that prevents humans from knowing God
• What is universalism in the context of the video?

  The belief that all humans will ultimately be saved
• What is causal determinism?

  The idea that every event is caused by preceding events and conditions
• What is process theology?

  The rejection of the traditional belief in God as the creator out of nothing
• What does the soul-making theodicy propose?

  Evil and suffering are necessary for spiritual growth
• Who are some of the key scholars mentioned in the video?

  Saint Augustine, John Hick, and Alvin Plantinga
• What is the inconsistent triad in relation to the logical problem of evil?

  The idea that God is omnipotent, omnibenevolent, and evil exists, which cannot all be true
• What does Epicurus' question about God and evil illustrate?

  The logical problem of evil regarding God's attributes
• What is the evidential problem of evil?

  It states that known facts about evil serve as evidence against the existence of God
• What are the two facts that illustrate the evidential problem of evil?

  Evil that is overwhelming in quantity and quality, and evil that is pointless
• What is the significance of the Great Dying event mentioned in the video?

  It illustrates overwhelming evil and suffering in the natural world
• What does the example of the fawn in the forest illustrate?

  The pointlessness of certain instances of suffering
• How does God's omniscience relate to the problem of evil?

  If God knew about the suffering, why create the universe knowing it would occur?
• What does the act mentioned in the study material fail to achieve?

  It does not lead to any greater good whatsoever.
• What are the two case studies mentioned in relation to the evidential problem of evil?

  The great dying and the phone in a fire.
• What key attribute of God is questioned in the evidential problem of evil?

  God's omniscience.
• How does the evidential problem of evil challenge God's decision to create the universe?

  It questions why God would create the universe knowing the suffering that would occur.
• What is the purpose of the knowledge check mentioned in the study material?

  To consolidate understanding of the evidential and logical problems of evil.
• What are the evidential and logical problems of evil?

  • The evidential problem of evil: Argues that the existence of unnecessary suffering contradicts the existence of an all-good, all-knowing God.
  • The logical problem of evil: Claims that the existence of evil is logically incompatible with the existence of an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God.
• What does the term 'theodicy' refer to in the context of the study material?

  Theodicy refers to the defense of God in the face of the logical and evidential problems of evil.
• What are the three theodicies mentioned in the study material?

  1. Free Will defense
  2. Soul-making theodicy
  3. Process theology theodicy
• What is the key phrase associated with the Free Will defense?

  Greater good.
• According to the Free Will defense, why is a world with free creatures more valuable?

  Because it allows for the possibility of performing more good than evil.
• What does Saint Augustine's quote about a runaway horse imply in the context of Free Will?

  A runaway horse is better than a stone, illustrating the value of freedom over being programmed.
• What does C.S. Lewis argue about free will in relation to goodness?

  Free will makes possible any love, goodness, or joy worth having.
• What must defenders of the Free Will defense prove regarding free will and moral evil?

  They must prove that free will necessarily leads to moral evil.
• What does Richard Swinburne argue about God's allowance of evil?

  Less allowance of large-scale horrors means less freedom and responsibility given to humans.
• What is Alvin Plantinga's key argument in the Free Will defense?

  The actualization of a world containing moral good depends on the choices of significantly free creatures.
• What does Plantinga say about the value of free will?

  Free will is of tremendous value and is the greater good.
• How does Plantinga explain natural evil?

  Natural evil is caused by humans and is a punishment for Adam and Eve's sin.
• What is Mackie's criticism of the Free Will defense?

  Mackie argues that God could have created humans to always freely choose good without allowing evil.
• How does Plantinga respond to Mackie's criticism?

  Plantinga argues that it is impossible to causally determine human actions while allowing them to be morally free.
• What does Plantinga assert about the best possible world?

  God must bring into being the best possible world that he is able to.