sampling and ethics

• What are the 5 sampling techniques?


  Volunteer (advertisement), opportunity (who's available), random (equal chance), systematic (n), stratified (sub groups, ration)
• strengths of random sampling


  reduced researcher bias, representative sample
• random sampling weakness


  time consuming (unwilling participants take up time)
• opportunity sampling strength


  quick and easy
• opportunity sampling weakness


  less representative
• volunteer sampling strength


  quick and easy
• volunteer sampling weakness


  less representative
• systematic sampling strength


  reduced researcher bias
• systematic sampling weakness


  less representative
• stratified sampling strength


  most representative
• stratified sampling weakness


  time consuming, could lead to small sample size and then in becomes less representative
• What are the 6 ethical issues?


  protection from physical and psychological harm, deception, confidentiality, informed consent, right to withdraw, privacy
• how to resolve ethical issues


  pseudonyms, debrief, brief, right to withdrawal
• who are the BPS?


  the British psychological society which advices psychologists and set ethical guidlines
• 4 BPS ethical guidelines


  respect and privacy and consent, competence (professionalism), responsibility, integrity.
• Informed consent - Researcher POV


  revealing true aim of study - or at least what is going to happen (this can cause bias because the aims can be inferred)
• Informed consent - Participants POV


  told what they are required to do in the study so they can decide if they want to participate - basic human right according to Numburg war trials
• Deception - researchers POV


  necessary to deceive participants about true aims of the study or they could alter their behaviour. Withholding info in seen as more ethical than providing false info.
• Deception - Participants POV


  deception is unethical - researcher shouldn't deceive anyone(dianna baurrina (1985) says deception is wrong
• Right to withdraw - researchers POV


  if the participants leave, this will bias the results
• Right to withdraw - participants POV


  Its important, can be compromised if payments were promised
• Protection from physical and psychological harm - researchers POV


  difficult to guarantee protection from harm
• Protection from physical and psychological harm - participant POV


  should 100 percent be nothing causing them harm - if so should be ethical and consentual