Multi-store model of memory

• Created by

  Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968, 1971)
• MSM- A representation of how memory works in terms of three stores

  • Sensory register
  • Short term memory
  • Long term memory
• Echoic

  Acoustically
• Ionic

  Visually
• Evaluation of MSM- Strenth


  Henry Molason (HM)'s case

  • Underwent surgery to relive his epilepsy
  • Hippocampus was removed from both sides of his brain
  • Memory was assessed in 1955 and thought the year was 1953
  • He couldn't form new long term memories, but his STM was still intact
  • Almost normal digit span
• HM's case


  Supports the idea there are two separate and independent memory stores
• Evaluation of MSM- Strength


  Braddeley (1966)
• Braddeley 1966- Coding experiment


  Gave 4 lists of words to 4 different groups

  
  

  Group 1- Acoustically similar

  Group 2- Acoustically dissimilar

  Group 3- Semantically similar

  Group 4- Semantically dissimilar
• Braddeley coding experiment- Results


  Tasks requiring STM-found it harder to recall similar sounding material
• Braddeley coding experiment- Results


  Tasts requiring LTM- Found it harder to recall similar meaning
• Braddeley coding experiment- Results


  Shows STM and LTM encode differently:

  STM- Acoustic

  LTM- Semantic
• Evaluation of MSM (Limitation)- KF's case


  Shows more than one type of encoding for STM

  • KF's STM was poor when read aloud
  • Recall was much better when he read it himself
• Evaluation of MSM (Limitation)- Craik and Wattkins (1973)


  Elaborated rehearsal is needed for LTM- Prolonged rehearsal is not needed to transfer to LTM
• Prolonged rehearsal


  More you rehearse the more likley it is to transfer to msm