basic cell knowledge

• organisms can be prokaryotes or eukaryotes
• all living things are made of cells
• An example of a prokaryote cell


  animal and plants
• what are eukaryote organisms made of

  eukaryote cells
• Cell Membrane


  The thin layer surrounding the cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
• Cell Wall

  Provides structural support and shape to plant cells.
• Cytoplasm

  The jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes take place.
• Nucleus


  The control center containing DNA, responsible for storing genetic information.
• Mitochondria

  The "powerhouses" where cellular respiration occurs, generating energy for the cell.
• Ribosomes


  Small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis.
• Vacuoles

  Storage organelles found in plant cells, storing water, salts, and nutrients.
• Chloroplasts

  Organelles responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (in plant cells).
• What is the cell wall made of?

  Cellulose, a complex carbohydrate.
• What do chloroplasts contain?

  Pigments such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins that absorb light energy.
• Bacterial Cells


  A type of cell that lacks a true nucleus and has a unique cell wall structure.
• Fragility of Bacterial Cells

  Bacterial cells are more fragile than eukaryotic cells and can be easily damaged or broken.
• No True Nucleus

  Bacterial cells do not have a true nucleus; instead, their genome is found in a nucleoid, which is an area of dense DNA.
• name 5 subcellular structures in both planet and animal cells

  nucleus

  cytoplasm

  cell membrane

  mitochondria

  ribosomes
• what do plant cells have that animal cells don't

  vacuole

  chloroplasts

  cell wall
• name a prokaryotic cell

  bacterial
• What does the nucleus contain in eukaryotic cells?

  The genetic material, or DNA
• How is the genetic material organized in eukaryotic cells?

  It is enclosed in a nucleus
• What are the two additional features of animal and plant cells besides the nucleus?

  The cell membrane and cytoplasm
• What is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells regarding their genetic material?

  The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus
• How do prokaryotic cells compare in size to eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What is the structure of the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?


  It consists of a single loop of DNA
• What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

  Small rings of DNA
• Why is it important to distinguish between bacterial cell walls and plant cell walls?

  Because they have different compositions and functions
• What is the cytoplasm and its role in the cell?

  The cytoplasm is a watery solution where chemical reactions take place, such as the first stage of respiration.
• Why can't mitochondria and ribosomes be seen in the light microscope image?

  They are too small to be seen with a light microscope.
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Mitochondria are where aerobic respiration takes place.
• What type of microscope is needed to see ribosomes?

  An electron microscope.
• What are ribosomes responsible for?

  Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.
• What are proteins important for in cells?

  Proteins carry out many functions in cells, including acting as enzymes.
• How does the function of ribosomes differ from that of mitochondria?

  Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, while mitochondria are involved in aerobic respiration.
• Where in the cell is energy produced

  Mitochondria