Dual Burden

• Dual Burden

  If men still don't help in the home then women are left with twice the work (paid work + domestic labour) - a dual burden
• Gershuny

  He found that wives with no job did 83% of housework, wives with a part-time job did 82% and women with a full time job did 73%. He believes this doesn't create a dual burden
• Silver and Schor

  They argue that increased technology means women have less timely housework to do. They can afford labour saving devices because they can work. This has led to the 'death of the housewife' - so they believe no dual burden is
• Ferri and Smith

  They believe women suffer from a dual burden-double the work, as they go out to work and work in the home. In a sample of 1,589 33 year olds they found that less than 4% of the men was in charge of childcare.
• Morris

  She found that unemployed men see domestic tasks as 'women's work'. Since their masculinity has been decreased from unemployment, they don't want to ruin their 'macho' manly image any further.
• Duncombe and Marsden

  They found that there may be a 'triple burden' because women are used for emotional support. Women have to balance housework + childcare, paid work and emotional labour - caring for sick children with compassion.
• Triple Shift

  When women have to deal with paid work, domestic labour in the home and provide emotional support, like caring for sick children.
• Gillian Dunne

  There are 'gender scripts' setting out male and female roles (social expectations for them doing set things). Dunne demonstrates that in lesbian couples housework and childcare is more symmetrical as there are no gender scripts to live up to.
• Arber and Ginn

  They found that middle class women can avoid a dual burden. However, working class women who can't afford childcare or labour saving devices are trapped with a dual burden.
• Man-Yee Kan

  He found that income from employment, age and education affected how much housework women did; better-educated women did less housework. However, if the women earns more than a man the woman ends up doing more housework as the man's masculinity is threatened.