The Cognitive Approach

• What are theoretical models?


  • diagrammic representations of internal mental processes and work in a similar way to flow charts used in computer programming
• What are computer models?


  • cognitive approach conceptualises the mind using an information processing model and is similar to a computer analogy
• What are computer models?

  • CODING - mind interprets environmental stimuli and a computer codes it
  • STORAGE - computer stores data on a hard drive and the mind the LTM
  • OUTPUT - a computer includes texts, videos and images but the mind's include speech, behavioural responses and thought
• What is a schema?

  • a packet of information based on past experiences
• What is the role of schemas?


  • acts a mental framework for the interpretation of incoming information. Schemas are unique to the individual
• What does Bartlett say about schemas?

  • schemas reconstruct an event and our thoughts, emotions and feelings change
• What is Bartletts war of the ghost study?


  • Bartlett told his pps (male cambridge uni students) the war of the ghosts story which is an american folktale
  • contained detail that was unfamiliar to 1930's western perspective (canoes)
  • pps retold the story to fit their cultural schema (boats)
• What is cognitive neuroscience?


  • the technological convergence of advances in analysing the brain
• Evaluation -


  • strength - use of lab experiments and standardised procedures increases reliability, real life application in treating OCD
• Evaluation -


  • machine reductionism - likens humans emotions to a computer model
  • lacks external validity - can only infer behaviour not explain real life behaviour
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  • The origins of cognitive neuroscience lie in the mid-19th century with the discovery that Broca's area is linked to speech production
  • Has led to the development of new technology - fMRI and PET scans allow researchers to explain the neurological basis of mental processes
  • Example - Maguire et al
• Evaluation of cognitive neuroscience -

  • Strength - Uses advanced techniques such as fMRI and PET scans providing empirical and reliable data. This reduces reliance on subjective self-report measures, increasing scientific credibility.
  • Real world application - certain brain scans and cognitive neuroscience can lead to the development of diagnosing mental disorders like Schizophrenia or Alzheimer's, which can then provide treatments for
  • Machine reductionism
  • use of a lab setting - lacks ecological valdiity
• What are the assumptions of the cognitive approach?

  1. Mental processes should be studied in a scientific way
  2. Inferences - drawing conclusions about what goes on in someone's mind on their observed behaviour
  3. Mental processes can be modelled through computer or theoretical models