7: Metabolism

• What is a chemical reaction?


  A process in which reactants are converted to products
• What are biochemical reactions?


  Chemical reactions that occur in living organisms
• Why are biochemical reactions important for living organisms?


  They sustain the life of living organisms
• What does the term metabolism mean?


  To change
• What is metabolism defined as?


  The sum of all chemical reactions within each cell
• What are the two types of metabolism?

  Catabolism and anabolism
• What are catabolic reactions?


  Biochemical reactions that break down complex molecules
• What is an example of a catabolic process?


  Digestion
• What happens during cellular respiration?


  Glucose is broken down to CO₂ and H₂O
• What are anabolic reactions?


  Reactions that build complex molecules from simpler ones
• What is an example of an anabolic process?


  Photosynthesis
• What is produced during photosynthesis?


  Glucose from CO₂ and H₂O
• What happens to energy during catabolism and anabolism?


  Energy is released in catabolism and utilized in anabolism
• What are the main types of metabolic reactions?

  • Catabolic reactions: break down complex molecules
  • Anabolic reactions: build complex molecules from simpler ones
• What is ATP commonly called?

  💵 Energy currency of cell
• Why ATP is commonly called energy currency of cell?

  It is an energy rich compound that can store and release energy and can be used much like money.
• When organic molecules are broken down in cell

  Energy is released
• What happens to energy released

  It is stored in ATP molecules until needed
• What happens when energy needed by cells?

  ATP molecule is hydrolyzed to release energy
• How: ATP into ADP+P

  Hydrolysis
• How: ADP + P into ATP

  Condensation
• Why ATP can store and release energy?

  Due to its unique structure
• How many components of ATP

  Three
• Components of ATP

  Adenine

  Ribose

  Triphosphate group
• Triphosphate group

  Three phosphate groups (PO4) linked in a chain
• Adenine

  Double ringed nitrogenous base
• Ribose

  Five carbon sugar
• Adenine + ribose

  Adenosine
• Adenosine+ first phosphate group

  AMP Adenine Monophosphate
• AMP+ second phosphate group

  ADP Adenine Diphosphate
• ADP+ third phosphate group

  ATP Adenine Triphosphate