Reproduction+menstrual cycle

• What are primary sexual characteristics?


  ones you’re born with e.g testes, ovaries
• what a secondary sexual characteristics?


  ones that develop during puberty
• what is the main male reproductive hormone?

  testosterone
• where is testosterone produced?


  the testes
• what is the main female reproductive hormone?

  oestrogen
• where is oestrogen produced?


  ovaries
• what are some male secondary sexual characteristics?


  .testes grow and become active

  .shoulders and chest broaden

  .brain matures

  .larynx gets bigger and voice breaks
• Male reproductive system

  
• female reproductive system

  
• what are some female secondary sexual characteristics?


  .breasts develop

  .pattern of fat changes, e.g deposited on hips, buttocks and thighs

  .eggs begin to mature and be released

  .uterus grows and becomes active

  .menstruation begins
• true or false, a girl is born with all the eggs she will ever have?


  true
• how long does the menstrual cycle last?


  28-32 days
• what is menstruation?


  when the soft lining of uterus breaks down and passes out of vagina with little blood
• what is ovulation?


  immediately after menstruation, an egg starts to mature in the ovary and soft lining of uterus started to build up
• what day is the egg released on?


  around day 14
• what are the 4 hormones involved in menstruation?

  FSH, oestrogen, LH and progesterone
• what is the function of FSH and where is it made?


  function: stimulates one egg To develop

  Made in: pituitary gland
• what is the function of oestrogen and where is it made?


  function: stimulates rebuilding of uterus wall

  made in: follicle (Ovary)
• what is LH’s function and where is it made?


  function: stimulates follicle wall to burst and release the ovum

  made in: pituitary gland
• what is progesterones function and where is it made?


  function:completes development of uterus wall, promotes glycogen storage

  made in: corpus luteum (ovary)
• certain hormones cause a domino effect allowing other hormones to be produced
• how do FSH and oestrogen link together?


  FSH allows oestrogen to be released by growth of the follicle
• What is the hormone produced by the pituitary gland that initiates the menstrual cycle?


  Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• What effect does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) have on the ovaries?


  It causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries and stimulates the production of estrogen.
• Where is estrogen produced?


  In the ovaries
• What are the effects of estrogen on the uterus?


  It thickens the lining of the uterus and stimulates the production of luteinising hormone (LH).
• How does estrogen affect follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) production?


  It inhibits the production of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
• What hormone is produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation?


  Luteinising hormone (LH)
• What is the process called when a mature egg cell is released from the ovary?

  Ovulation
• What hormone is produced in the ovaries that helps maintain the uterus lining?

  Progesterone
• What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?


  It maintains the uterus lining and inhibits the production of luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
• What are the main steps of the menstrual cycle?

  1. FSH is produced by the pituitary gland.
  2. FSH causes an egg to mature and stimulates estrogen production.
  3. Estrogen thickens the uterine lining and stimulates LH production while inhibiting FSH.
  4. LH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates ovulation.
  5. Progesterone is produced in the ovaries.
  6. Progesterone maintains the uterine lining and inhibits LH and FSH production.
• What two hormones can be used as fertility drugs to stimulate ovulation in women?

  FSH and LH
• what hormones does IVF use and how?


  it uses FSH and LH to stimulate maturation of ova (eggs) that are collected, fertilised, allowed to start development then placed back into the uterus
• FSH can be introduced in higher than natural amounts meaning multiple eggs are produced, normally introduced during ovulation
• what are the main categories of contraception?

  hormonal, physical and surgical
• what is the pill and how does it work?


  its a hormonal contraceptive using oestrogen and progesterone to stop release and formation of an egg
• what are examples of a barrier contraceptive?


  condom, diaphram
• what’s an advantage of barrier contraception?

  prevent STDs
• what is the IUD coil and how does it work?


  a small structure inserted into uterus, blocks ovary entrance and some release progesterone. both hormonal and non hormonal