crude oil and distilation

• What is the main topic of today's video?

  The separation of crude oil into its different components using fractional distillation
• What is crude oil primarily composed of?


  Nearly all of its compounds are hydrocarbons
• What type of hydrocarbons are most common in crude oil?


  Alkanes
• How is crude oil formed?


  From the remains of dead plants and animals buried under mud over millions of years
• What role do high pressures and temperatures play in the formation of crude oil?


  They convert organic biomass into crude oil over millions of years
• How is crude oil extracted from the ground?


  By drilling into the rock and sucking it up to the surface
• Why is crude oil considered a finite resource?


  Because it takes millions of years to form
• What are fossil fuels referred to as?


  Non-renewable fuels
• What is the purpose of fractional distillation in crude oil processing?


  To separate different hydrocarbons based on their boiling points
• What happens to crude oil during the first step of fractional distillation?


  It is heated until most of it turns into a gas
• Describe the temperature gradient in a fractionating column.


  It is hot at the bottom and cooler towards the top
• How do different hydrocarbons behave in the fractionating column?


  Longer chain hydrocarbons condense earlier due to higher boiling points
• What is an example of a product obtained from the bottom of the fractionating column?

  Bitumen
• What are the uses of heavy fuel oil?


  It can be used for heating oil, fuel oil, or lubricating oil
• What types of fuels are produced from shorter chain hydrocarbons?


  Diesel, petrol, and kerosene
• What does LPG stand for?


  Liquefied petroleum gas
• What are the main components of LPG?


  Mainly propane and butane
• How do the flammability and chain length of hydrocarbons relate?


  Shorter chain hydrocarbons are more flammable and make better fuels
• What happens to longer chain hydrocarbons that are poor fuels?


  They can be broken down into smaller hydrocarbons in a process called cracking
• What are petrochemicals and their uses?


  • Substances obtained from crude oil
  • Used as feedstock for the petrochemical industry
  • Raw materials for making solvents, lubricants, polymers, and detergents
• What should viewers do if they found the video useful?


  Give a like and subscribe
• why is crude oil not a formulation

  not made for a specific purpose

  not the same compound all the time
• distillation

  crude oil is heated to vaporise hydrocarbons

  column has a gradient from high to low from top to bottom

  hydrocarbons condense at different fractions due to different boiling points