Cell division

• What are chromosomes made of?


  Chromosomes are made of lengths of DNA molecules.
• Where are chromosomes found in a cell?


  Chromosomes are found in the nucleus.
• How are chromosomes typically organized in body cells?


  Chromosomes are normally in pairs in body cells.
• How many chromosomes does each human body cell contain?


  Each human body cell contains 46 chromosomes.
• What is the composition of the 23rd pair of chromosomes?


  The 23rd pair consists of the sex chromosomes.
• Where does DNA exist within a cell?


  DNA exists in the cell nucleus within structures called chromosomes.
• What is a gene?


  A gene is a section of a chromosome that contains the code for the production of a particular protein.
• What is the structure of a chromosome?

  Each chromosome is made from a single molecule of DNA.
• What happens to DNA when a cell is ready to divide?


  When a cell is ready to divide, the DNA copies itself and condenses to form chromosomes.
• How do chromosomes appear in micrographs when a cell is ready to divide?


  Chromosomes appear condensed in micrographs when a cell is ready to divide.
• Interphase - The longest phase, during which the cell grows and prepares to divide.
• What does DNA condense to form?

  Chromosomes
• What is the typical structure of chromosomes in females?


  Females have two identical chromosomes in shape, referred to as XX
• What is the typical structure of chromosomes in males?


  Males have one X and one Y chromosome, referred to as XY
• What are the chromosome structures for females and males?


  • Females: XX (two identical X chromosomes)
  • Males: XY (one X and one Y chromosome)
• What is the process called when a cell divides?

  Mitosis
• Why do cells divide in an organism?


  Cells divide when the organism grows or when it becomes damaged and needs to produce new cells
• What is the term for the cycle that cells go through during division?

  Cell cycle
• What happens to the cell cycle when it stops dividing?


  The cell cycle stops when the cell has completed its division
• What is synthesized during DNA synthesis?


  Chromosomes
• What type of cell division do growing and dividing cells undergo?


  They undergo mitosis
• What are the key stages of the cell cycle?


  1. Growth phase
  2. DNA synthesis
  3. Mitosis
  4. Cell division
• What is the result of the cell cycle in terms of cell formation?


  Two cells are formed
• What is the role of the cytoplasm during cell division?


  The cytoplasm separates to form two new cells
• How does DNA synthesis relate to the cell cycle?


  DNA synthesis occurs during the cell cycle to prepare for cell division
• What are chromosomes made of?


  Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules
• What is the primary function of chromosomes?


  They carry genes
• Where are chromosomes found in a cell?


  In the nucleus
• What is the relationship between chromosomes and the cell cycle?


  • Chromosomes are essential for cell division
  • They ensure proper distribution of genetic material
  • The cell cycle includes phases where chromosomes are replicated and separated
• What is mitosis?


  Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle when cells divide.
• Why is mitosis important for multicellular organisms?


  It allows multicellular organisms to grow and replace damaged cells.
• What happens to the nuclear membrane during mitosis?


  The nuclear membrane breaks down.
• What occurs to chromosomes during mitosis?


  Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
• What happens to DNA during mitosis?


  DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each chromosome.
• What divides to form two identical cells in mitosis?


  The cytoplasm and cell membranes divide.
• What happens to the chromosomes during the division process in mitosis?


  One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell, and the nucleus divides.
• What are the cells produced at the end of mitosis called?


  They are called daughter cells.
• How do daughter cells compare to the parent cell after mitosis?


  Each daughter cell is identical to the parent cell.
• What is binary fission?


  Binary fission is a simple cell division by which bacteria replicate.
• What components are involved in bacterial replication during binary fission?


  DNA loop and plasmid(s) replicate.