social liberalism

• what was the name of the thinkers that made a case against laissez-faire liberalism?


  New Liberals who argued in favour of state intervention in social, economic and cultural life
• according to the New Liberals, how was individual liberty achievable?


  under favourable social and economic circumstances for all
• according to the New Liberals, how could poverty be alleviated?


  through collective action coordinated by a strong, welfare-orientated and interventionist state
• what is individualism according to social liberalism?


  individualism can only happen when a person is economically and intellectually able to fully express it
• what is euqality of opportunity according to social liberalism?


  Individuals should be provided with the same opportunities to pursue their own idea of the good life but this can only be realistic if economic and social barriers are removed
• what is sufficient intervention according to social liberalism?


  the state must act to remove any social and economic inequalities which seriously impede the individual's opportunity to be free
• what is positive freedom according to social liberalism?


  individuals can only be free if they are provided with the materials and tools in order to make the most of that
• what is an enabling state according to social liberalism?


  the state is not just there to protect property but to enable individuals to develop to their fullest potential
• what is developmental individualism according to social liberalism?


  freedom is not just being able to pursue your own pleasures, but freedom to grow and develop morally and intellectually
• what is social justice according to social liberalism?


  society should be concerned with a fairer distribution of resources, opportunities and privileges
• what is expanding civil rights according to social liberalism?


  to ensure that all individuals can be free and equal, rights must be established in law to protect everyone and entitle them to support
• what is social market theory according to social liberalism?


  sometimes called regulated market economy where you combine sufficient regulation to ensure fair competition and a welfare state
• what was the Old Age Pensioners Act 1906?


  people over 70 with an annual income of £21 to £31 would receive a pension (1 to 5 shillings per week)
• what was the Trade Disputes Act 1906?


  provided trade unions with immunity from liability for damages arising from strike actions
• what was the Children Act 1908?


  created Juvenile Courts in order to rehabillitate children
• what was the National Insurance Act 1911?


  Provided benefits for workers in case of sickness and unemployment and injury. Lloyd George put a tax burden on the wealthy
• What was the New Deal?


  a series pf programs, public work projects, financial reformed and regulations enacted by FDR in the US
• what were the three Rs in the New Deal?


  Relief, Recovery, Reform
• what concept is John Stuart Mill one of the most famous proponents of?


  utilitarianism
• what concept did J S Mill develop?


  negative freedom
• what concept did J S Mill not agree with?


  natural rights and natural law
• according to J S Mill, how can rights exist?


  only within a legal framework
• what book did J S Mill write?


  Utilitarianism 1863
• what were the main messages in J S Mill's book?


  every rational individual desires happiness for themselves and general happiness for all is achieved by acting on rules which will increase happiness for each other
• what other book did J S Mill write?


  The Subjection of Women 1869
• what is T H Green known for?


  changing the development of liberalism and the role of the state in his lectures on the principles of political obligation 1895
• how did T H Green think freedom should be understood?


  not only in a negative sense but in a positive sense
• how is T H Green described?


  a cautious interventionist
• what is the role of the state according to T H Green?


  they should only interfere when there was a clear, proven and strong tendency of a liberty to enslave the individual
• what did T H Green claim each person has?


  both a private and public self
• what is a civic virtue according to T H Green?


  a positive belief in active citizenship in your community
• what book did Betty Friedan write?


  The Feminine Mystique 1963
• what did Friedan argue in The Feminine Mystique?


  the societal idea that women could find satisfaction in traditional gender roles as a wife and mother left them feeling empty and dissatisfied and she called it the problem that has no name because society didn't take it seriously
• how could women be set free according to Friedan?


  through a good education and being able to work productively outside the home in a full-time career of their choosing
• what economic model did the social liberals identify with?

  keynesianism
• why was Keynes a critic of the laissez-faire attitude to economics?


  the market is in no position to deal with economic downturns and unemployment
• what book did Keynes write?


  The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money
• what book did John Rawls write?


  A theory of justice 1971
• what kind of state did John Rawls develop?


  an enabling state based on the idea of equality and fairness
• what is his most influential philosophical thought experiment?


  the Original Position