Study

• What is photolysis in the context of photosynthesis?

  It is the process that breaks water molecules down using light.
• What is the role of stomata in plants?

  They allow gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen to enter and exit the leaf.
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

  Within the chloroplasts of the leaves.
• What are chloroplasts, stroma, and thylakoids?

  • Chloroplasts: Organelle responsible for photosynthesis.
  • Stroma: The empty space in the chloroplast where the light independent reaction takes place.
  • Thylakoids: Small, disc-shaped structures within the chloroplast that carry out the light dependent reactions.
• Describe the relationship between plants and humans in terms of respiration and photosynthesis.

  • Plants produce oxygen for humans to breathe.
  • Humans produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct of respiration.
  • Carbon dioxide cycles back into photosynthesis.
• What is the function of ATP and NADPH during photosynthesis?

  They carry energy to be used in the light independent reactions.
• What are the steps and ATP produced during aerobic respiration?

  1. Glycolysis: Produces 2 net ATP.
  2. Kreb's Cycle: Produces 2 ATP.
  3. Electron Transport Chain: Produces 32 ATP.
• What are the steps and functions of anaerobic respiration?

  1. Glycolysis: Produces 2 net ATP.
  2. Lactic Acid Fermentation: Produces lactic acid as a byproduct.OR
  3. Alcoholic/Ethanol Fermentation: Produces alcohol and carbon dioxide as byproducts.
• Which pathway is more efficient: aerobic or anaerobic respiration?


  Aerobic respiration is more efficient as it produces 36 ATP compared to 2 ATP in anaerobic respiration.
• What type of fermentation occurs primarily in animals?

  Lactic Acid Fermentation
• What type of fermentation occurs primarily in plants?

  Alcoholic/Ethanol Fermentation
• What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Photosynthesis
• Where does the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis occur?

  In the stroma of the chloroplast
• What is the chemical process that mitochondria perform to produce ATP?


  Cellular respiration
• What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

  • Glycolysis
  • Krebs cycle/Citric acid cycle
  • Electron transport chain
• What is the energy storage location within ATP?

  Between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate bonds
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Releasing energy from food molecules to produce ATP without oxygen
• Where does anaerobic respiration occur in the cell?

  In the cytoplasm
• What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?

  • Lactic acid fermentation
  • Alcoholic fermentation
• What is produced during lactic acid fermentation?

  Lactic acid, Nad+, and ATP (2)
• What is produced during alcoholic fermentation?

  Alcohol, Nad+, ATP (2) and carbon dioxide
• How much ATP is produced from fermentation?


  2 ATP
• What are the reactants and products of lactic acid fermentation?


  Reactants: Pyruvate and NADH; Products: Lactic acid and NAD+
• What are the reactants and products of alcoholic fermentation?


  Reactants: Pyruvate and NADH; Products: Alcohol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+
• What is a commercial use of alcoholic fermentation?


  Production of alcoholic beverages and cleaning supplies
• Where does the krebs cycle occur?


  In the inner matrix of the mitochondria.
• Where does the ETC occur?


  In the inner membrane of the mitochondria
• Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria
• During glycolysis food/glucose enters the cytoplasm of the cell and the enzymes break down each glucose into 2 pyruvates
• The electron transport chain converts ADP to ATP, produces the most ATP and releases water.