AO1

• Who devised the social learning theory in the 1960s?

  Albert Bandura
• What does social learning theory propose about how we learn?

  We learn through modelling, observation, and imitation of others
• What role does cognition play in Bandura's social learning theory?

  Cognition is considered important in the learning process
• What are the key assumptions of social learning theory?

  • Learning occurs directly through experiences and indirectly through observation
  • Individuals are influenced by role models such as parents, teachers, and peers
  • Peer influence shapes behavior
  • Media figures can also serve as role models
  • Social learning theory rejects direct stimulus-response relationships
  • Individuals can think about the outcomes of their actions
• What is the first step of observational learning according to Bandura?


  Modelling
• What does identification involve in the context of social learning theory?

  Associating with the qualities and characteristics of role models
• What is imitation in social learning theory?

  Copying or reproducing behavior learned via observation
• What does reinforcement refer to in the context of observational learning?

  The consequence of an action for the learner
• What are the four mediational processes proposed by Bandura?

  1. Attention - noticing behavior
  2. Retention - remembering behavior
  3. Reproduction - being able to perform the behavior
  4. Motivation - weighing perceived rewards against perceived costs
• What is the Bobo doll experiment associated with?

  It is associated with Bandura's social learning theory
• What was the aim of the Bobo doll experiment?

  To demonstrate that aggression can be learned through modelling
• What age range did the children in the Bobo doll experiment belong to?

  3 to 6 years old
• How were the children divided in the Bobo doll experiment?

  They were put into one of three groups for 10 minutes
• How many children participated in the Bobo doll experiment?

  72 children
• What was the composition of the groups in terms of gender?

  There were an equal number of boys and girls in all groups
• What types of models did the children observe in the Bobo doll experiment?

  Aggressive models and non-aggressive models
• What did the aggressive model do in the Bobo doll experiment?

  Played in a room while an adult hit and shouted at a ‘Bobo doll’
• What did the non-aggressive model do in the Bobo doll experiment?

  Played quietly with a construction set
• What was the control group in the Bobo doll experiment?


  The group that did not see a model
• How long were the children observed after the modeling phase?

  20 minutes
• What types of toys were the children exposed to during the observation phase?

  A range of aggressive and non-aggressive toys, including the Bobo doll
• What was the main finding regarding the children who saw the aggressive model?

  They produced more aggressive acts than those in either other group
• How did boys and girls differ in their imitation of models?

  Boys imitated same-sex models more than girls
• What type of aggression did girls imitate more when they saw male models?

  More physical aggression
• What type of aggression did girls imitate more when they saw female models?

  More verbal aggression
• What was the conclusion of the Bobo doll experiment?

  Aggression can be learned via modelling
• What are the mediational processes in Social Learning Theory (SLT)?

  Attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation
• How do the mediational processes in SLT function?

  They allow individuals to judge if they can and should replicate observed behavior
• What role does motivation play in the mediational processes of SLT?

  Motivation influences whether an individual decides to replicate the observed behavior
• If an individual observes a behavior but lacks motivation, what is likely to happen according to SLT?

  The individual is unlikely to replicate the behavior
• What are the cognitive aspects of Social Learning Theory (SLT)?

  • Attention: Noticing the behavior
  • Retention: Remembering the behavior
  • Reproduction: Ability to replicate the behavior
  • Motivation: Willingness to replicate the behavior