Quarter 2

• What is the skeletal system compared to in the study material?


  The skeletal system is compared to the framework of a house.
• What is the primary function of the skeletal system?


  It provides structural framework and protects internal organs.
• What are the functions of the skeletal system?


  • Provides support
  • Gives shape to the body
  • Protects internal organs
  • Enables body movement through muscle attachment
  • Stores important minerals like calcium
  • Produces millions of blood cells
• What are the two divisions of the human skeleton?

  The two divisions are the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
• What bones are included in the axial skeleton?


  • Skull
  • Vertebral column
  • Ribs
  • Sternum
• What bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?


  • Bones of the shoulders
  • Arms
  • Hands
  • Hips
  • Legs
  • Feet
• What are the bones of the axial skeleton mentioned in the study material?


  The bones are the skull, mandible, sternum, ribs, and vertebral column.
• What are the bones of the appendicular skeleton mentioned in the study material?


  The bones are the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, coxa, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals.
• How are bones classified based on their shape?

  • Long bones: Found in limbs (arms and legs)
  • Short bones: Found in wrists and ankles
  • Flat bones: Found in shoulder blades and skull
  • Irregular bones: Found in face and vertebrae
• Why are bones in infants softer and more flexible?


  Because they consist mostly of cartilage.
• How many bones does an infant have?


  An infant has 350 bones.
• How many bones does a child have?

  A child has 208 bones.
• How many bones does a normal adult have?


  A normal adult has 206 bones.
• What happens to cartilage as a child grows up?


  Bone cells replace cartilage, and some cartilage fuses to form new bone.
• What are the parts of the skull?

  • Cranium: Made of eight bones protecting the brain
  • Facial bones: Includes the mandible and eye sockets
• What is the function of the spinal column?


  The spinal column protects the spinal cord.
• How many vertebrae are in a child's spinal column?


  There are 33 vertebrae in a child's spinal column.
• How many vertebrae are in an adult's spinal column?


  There are 26 vertebrae in an adult's spinal column.
• What are the types of ribs and their characteristics?

  • True ribs: 7 pairs connected to the sternum
  • False ribs: 5 pairs, with 3 pairs connected to the sternum and 2 pairs (floating ribs) not connected
• What is the clavicle?


  The clavicle is the collarbone found in front of the shoulder.
• What is the scapula?


  The scapula is the shoulder bone found in the back of the shoulder.
• What is the function of the pelvic bone?


  The pelvic bone supports the lower part of the body and helps in leg movement.
• What is the longest bone in the body?

  The femur is the longest bone in the body.
• What are the bones in the lower leg?

  • Tibia
  • Fibula
• What is the patella?


  The patella is the knee bone.
• What are the bones in the ankle and foot?

  • Ankle bones: Tarsals
  • Foot bones: Metatarsals
  • Toes: Phalanges
• What is the structure of bones?

  • Made of collagen fibers embedded in calcium and phosphorus
  • Outer layer: Compact bone (provides strength)
  • Inner layer: Spongy bone (contains bone marrow)
• What are the types of bone marrow?


  • Red bone marrow: Found in the pelvis, vertebrae, and femur
  • Yellow bone marrow: Found in many other bones
• What is the function of joints?


  • Allow movement where two bones meet
  • Each joint is designed for specific movements
• What are the types of joints?

  1. Ball and socket: Movement in all directions (shoulder, hips)
  2. Hinge: Movement in one direction (elbow, knee)
  3. Gliding: Side-to-side and back-and-forth movement (wrist, ankles)
  4. Pivot: Rotation movement (radius and ulna)
  5. Immovable: No movement (sutures in the skull)
• What are some healthful habits to maintain a healthy skeletal system?

  • Regular exercise (dancing, aerobics, jogging)
  • Wear protective equipment during activities
  • Eat foods rich in calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus
• Why is it important to take care of your bones?

  To maintain a healthy skeletal system and prevent injuries.