Types of LTM

• What does the MSM argue about long-term memory (LTM)?


  It argues for a single LTM store.
• Why might the MSM's view of LTM be considered too simplistic?


  Research has identified different types of LTM associated with different brain areas.
• What are the three types of long-term memory (LTM)?

  • Episodic Memory
  • Semantic Memory
  • Procedural Memory
• What is episodic memory?


  Memory of personal experiences and specific autobiographical episodes.
• What elements are included in episodic memory?


  Time, place, context of the event, and emotions felt.
• Why is episodic memory considered declarative memory?


  Because it requires conscious recall.
• Give an example of episodic memory.


  What is your earliest memory?
• What is semantic memory?


  A record of facts, meanings, concepts, and knowledge about the external world.
• How does semantic memory differ from episodic memory?


  Semantic memory is shared knowledge, while episodic memory is personal experience.
• Why is semantic memory considered declarative memory?


  Because it requires conscious recall.
• Give an example of semantic memory.


  What is the square root of 100?
• What is procedural memory?


  Memory concerned with motor skills acquired through practice.
• Why is procedural memory considered non-declarative memory?


  Because you don’t have to consciously think about these memories; they become automatic.
• Give an example of procedural memory.


  Riding a bike.
• What did Tulving's study using brain scans reveal about episodic and semantic memories?


  Episodic memories had more blood flow to the right prefrontal cortex, while semantic memories had more to the left.
• Which part of the brain is associated with procedural memories?

  The cerebellum.
• What does Tulving's study suggest about the nature of LTM?


  It suggests that LTM is not one store and provides evidence for three separate types of LTM.
• What is a limitation of Tulving's study regarding population validity?


  Only 3 out of 6 participants showed the difference, which may not apply to all people.
• How does KC's case support the distinction between types of LTM?


  He had impaired episodic memory but intact semantic memory, showing they are different types.
• What does HM's case illustrate about procedural memory?


  He could learn and retain new motor skills despite having impaired episodic and semantic memories.
• What practical application does Belleville's research suggest regarding episodic memory?


  Episodic memories can be improved in people with mild cognitive impairments.
• What is a limitation of using case studies like KC and HM in memory research?


  It may be inappropriate to generalize findings to everyone based on one person's memory ability.
• Why might brain-damaged patients like KC and HM have other difficulties affecting their memory performance?


  They may have other difficulties due to brain damage, such as lack of concentration.