Resisting social influence

• What percentage of participants disobeyed in Milgram's study?

  35%
• What percentage of participants did not conform in Asch's study?

  25%
• What was the disobedience rate of the nurse in Hofling's study?

  1 nurse
• What are the two main factors that lead to resisting social influence?

  • External situational factors (e.g., social support)
  • Internal dispositional factors (e.g., locus of control)
• How does social support affect resistance to social influence?

  It reduces pressure to conform or obey
• What effect do dissenters have on disobedient behavior?

  Dissenters make disobedient behavior more acceptable
• What was the effect of disobedient confederates in Milgram's study?

  Lowered obedience from naïve participants to 10%
• How did adding confederate dissenters affect conformity in Asch's study?

  Conformity dropped to 5.5% and 9%
• What does locus of control refer to?

  Perception of personal control over behavior
• What characterizes a person with an internal locus of control?

  They take personal responsibility for their actions
• How do individuals with an external locus of control perceive their lives?

  Determined by external/environmental factors
• What are the characteristics of individuals with a high internal locus of control?

  • High personal control over lives
  • Seek out helpful information
  • Less reliant on others
  • More achievement-oriented
  • Better at resisting pressure
• What are the characteristics of individuals with a high external locus of control?

  • Belief in luck and external factors
  • More influenced by others
  • Less personal responsibility
• What did Spector's research find regarding locus of control and conformity?

  High external LOC students conformed more in NSI
• What did Moghaddam's research reveal about cultural differences in locus of control?

  Japanese people have higher external LOC than Americans
• What contradiction did Twenge's analysis reveal about obedience and locus of control?

  People became more resistant but more external LOC
• What is a limitation of using questionnaires in research on locus of control?

  Social desirability bias lowers internal validity
• What are the advantages of using questionnaires in research?

  • Quick and cheap
  • Can gather qualitative and quantitative data