Buccal Cavity of the Frog

    Cards (36)

    • EXTERNAL FEATURES OF FROG/TOAD
      The body of frog is divided into two major regions:
      • Axial region
      • Appendicular region
    • Axial Region
      • Snout
      • Mouth
      • Nostrils or external nares
      • Eyes
      • nictitating membrane
      • tympanic membrane
      • brow spot
      • poison or parotid gland
      • hump
      • anus
    • Appendicular Region
      These are two pairs of appendages that arise from the trunk.
      1. Forelimbs - the anterior pair of limbs which is shorter and smaller than the hindlimbs
      2. Hindlimbs - the posterior pair of limbs which are long and bigger than the forelimbs.
    • Appendicular Region
      Forelimbs -
      the anterior pair of limbs which is shorter and smaller than the hindlimbs, this consists of:
      • upper arm- proximal arm
      • forearm - lower arm
      • manus or hand - distal part of the forelimb which subdivided into:
      • i. wrist
      • ii. palm
      • iii. digits or fingers - with 4 digits and the fifth is rudimentary. During the breeding season, the thumb is swollen in the male.
    • Appendicular Region
      Hindlimbs -
      the posterior pair of limbs which are long and bigger than the forelimbs. This is divided into 3 parts:
      • thigh- proximal part
      • shank- lower part
      • pes or foot -distal part, this is subdivided into:
      • i. tarsus or ankle
      • ii. sole
      • iii. digits or toes- there are five toes per foot and these are connected together by a membranous skin the web.
      • Prehallux- is a rudiment for the sixth toe.
    • BUCCAL CAVITY OF FROG
      1. Maxillary teeth
      2. Upper lip
      3. Sulcus marginalis
      4. Median subrostral fossa
      5. Pulvinar rostrale
      6. Lateral subrostral fossa
      7. Vomerine teeth
      8. Choanae or internal nares
      9. Eyeballs Prominences
      10. Opening of the Eustacian tube
      11. Tongue
      12. Tuberculum prelinguale
      13. Prelingual fossa
      14. Laryngeal prominence
      15. Glottis
      16. Opening of the vocal sac
      17. Opening of the esophagus
    • Maxillary teeth - a row of small, conical teeth on the margin of the upper jaw.
    • Upper lip - fleshly fold closely adhering to the upper jaw.
    • Sulcus marginalis - groove at the inner side of the row of maxillary teeth which receives the lower jaw when it is closed.
    • Median subrostral fossa - tiny shallow depressions of the sulcus marginalis at the tip of the upper jaw.
    • Pulvinar rostrale - low elevations on each side of the median subrostral fossa.
    • Lateral subrostral fossa - two other depressions of the sulcus marginalis lateral to the pulvinars.
    • Vomerine teeth - two small groups of fine teeth between the internal nares projecting from the vomer bones.
    • Choanae or internal nares- two oval opening on the antero-lateral side of the vomerine teeth.
    • Eyeballs prominences - two big bulges along the posterior half of the roof of the mouth
    • Opening of the Eustachian tube -two openings, one near each angle of the jaws leading outward to the tympanum
    • Tongue - large, bilobed structure occupying a great part of the floor of the buccal cavity and attached to the anterior tip of the lower jaw.
    • Tuberculum prelinguale - an elevation at the tip of the lower jaw which fits into the median subrostral fossa when the mouth is closed.
    • Prelingual fossa - two shallow depressions one on each side of the tuberculum prelinguale.
    • Laryngeal prominence - a hardened oval-shaped structure behind the tongue with a slit opening at the center.
    • Glottis - a narrow, longitudinal slit at the middle of the laryngeal prominence. This is the opening of the larynx or voice box into the mouth cavity.
    • Opening of the vocal sac- found in male only. Two openings at the posterior part of the mouth cavity, close to the angle of the jaws, opposite the openings of the Eustachian tube.
    • Opening of the esophagus - an opening behind the laryngeal prominence.
    • Appendicular region - composed of the hindlimbs and the forelimbs
    • Axial region - composed of the head and the trunk.
    • Snout - the protruding region at the anterior region of the head
    • Mouth - large anterior opening of the head with teeth and a tongue
    • Nostrils or external nares - these are two small opening at the postero-dorsal side of the snout.
    • Eyes - two, on the dorso-lateral sides of the head that has upper and lower eyelids.
    • Nictitating membrane - third eyelid, a thin and transparent membrane located above the lower eyelid.
    • Tympanic membrane - tympanum or eardrum, a small round area of thickened membrane posterior to the eye.
    • Brow spot - lightly-colored part at the median dorsal line of the head posterior to the eye. This may be concealed in darkly pigmented specimen.
    • Poison or Parotid gland - two large swellings posterior to the tympanic membrane.
    • Hump - a conspicuous elevation on the mid-dorsal surface of the trunk near the posterior end.
    • Anus - a single small opening at the posterior end of the trunk which serves for the exit of reproductive and excretory products.
    • Identify the buccal cavity of the frog
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