Themes

• What are the two main ideologies discussed by Priestley in relation to social responsibility?

  Capitalism and Socialism
• Who is the main character representing capitalist attitudes in the play?

  Mr. Birling
• How does a capitalist view their responsibility towards workers?

  A capitalist is primarily concerned with making money and paying their workers more.
• What significant social service is mentioned as a result of socialist ideas?

  The NHS (National Health Service)
• What was the situation regarding welfare in 1912 as described in the study material?

  There was no welfare state, and people could starve without family support.
• What does Priestley believe about the younger generation's role in society?

  He believes they need to understand and take social responsibility.
• What are the class distinctions presented in the play?

  • The Birlings are middle class.
  • Gerald's family is upper class.
  • Eva is portrayed as the most poor.
• How does Birling’s action towards Eva reflect class dynamics?

  Birling sacks Eva despite her being a good worker because there are many people to replace her.
• What morally complex actions does Gerald take regarding Eva?

  Gerald rescues Eva but also uses her for sex without intention to marry her.
• How does Mrs. Birling's attitude towards lower classes manifest in the play?

  She looks down on lower classes and refuses to help Eva when she is in need.
• How are gender roles depicted in the play?

  • Men hold power in society.
  • Women like Eva and Edna are expected to work quietly.
  • Sheila is pampered and kept ignorant about societal issues.
• What does Priestley suggest about the older generation's attitude towards social responsibility?

  The older generation, like Arthur and Sybil Birling, only look after themselves.
• How does Gerald's character reflect the conflict between caring and capitalist attitudes?

  Gerald shows a caring side by saving Eva but also agrees with sacking workers for profit.
• What is the concept of the Dual Self as presented in the play?

  • Characters appear respectable but commit hurtful actions.
  • Sheila and Eric regret their actions, while others avoid responsibility.
  • The Inspector's departure leaves doubt about his reality.
• How do Mr. and Mrs. Birling react to the Inspector's investigation?

  They feel relieved and believe they have escaped responsibility.
• What role does Gerald play in the Birlings' perception of the Inspector's legitimacy?

  Gerald helps the Birlings by confirming the Inspector is a hoax.