Cell organisation

• What is the basic building block of all living organisms?

  Cells
• What is the role of specialised cells in multicellular organisms?


  They carry out a particular function
• What is the process called when cells become specialised for a particular job?

  Differentiation
• When does differentiation occur in multicellular organisms?


  During the development of a multicellular organism
• How are specialised cells organised in multicellular organisms?


  • Specialised cells form tissues
  • Tissues form organs
  • Organs form organ systems
• What is a tissue?


  A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
• Can a tissue include more than one type of cell?


  Yes
• What are examples of tissues in mammals?

  • Muscular tissue
  • Glandular tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
• What is the function of muscular tissue?


  It contracts to whatever it’s attached to
• What does glandular tissue do?


  It makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones
• What is the role of epithelial tissue?


  It covers some parts of the body
• What is an organ?


  A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function
• What tissues make up the stomach?

  • Muscular tissue (moves the stomach wall)
  • Glandular tissue (makes digestive juices)
  • Epithelial tissue (covers the stomach)
• What is an organ system?


  A group of organs working together to perform a particular function
• What is the function of the digestive system?


  • Breaks down food
  • Absorbs nutrients
• What organs make up the digestive system?


  • Glands (e.g. pancreas, salivary glands)
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Liver
  • Large intestine
• What do glands in the digestive system produce?


  Digestive juices
• What is the role of the stomach in the digestive system?


  It digests food
• What does the liver produce in the digestive system?

  Bile
• What is the function of the small intestine?


  It absorbs soluble food molecules
• What does the large intestine do?


  It absorbs water from undigested food
• How do organ systems contribute to organisms?


  • They work together
  • They perform essential functions for survival
• How long is an epithelial cell?


  Less than 0.1 mm
• How long is the stomach?


  About 10 cm
• How much longer is the stomach compared to an epithelial cell?


  Over 1000 times longer
• What is the correct order of biological organization from organelles to organism?

  Organelles → cells → tissues → organ → organ system
• What are organelles?

  Organelles are structures that make up a cell.
• Name three examples of organelles.

  Nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria
• What forms a cell?

  Multiple organelles form a cell.
• What are specialized cells?


  Specialized cells are different types of cells that perform specific functions.
• Give examples of specialized cells.


  Epithelial, muscle, and glandular cells
• What is a tissue?


  A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.
• What is the function of epithelial tissue?


  Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, such as skin.
• What is the function of muscle tissue?

  Muscle tissue contracts and relaxes.
• What does glandular tissue do?


  Glandular tissue makes and secretes chemicals.
• What is an organ?


  An organ is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a particular function.
• What is the function of the stomach as an organ?


  The stomach kills microorganisms and prevents breaking down food.
• What is an organ system?


  An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a particular function.
• What is the function of the digestive system?


  The digestive system digests food so we can absorb nutrients.
• Name three examples of organ systems.

  Cardiovascular, digestive, reproductive systems