US History Chapter 8

• What period does Chapter 8 cover in U.S. history?


  1816 - 1848
• What mood prevailed in the United States after the War of 1812?


  A mood of confidence prevailed.
• Who was the Secretary of State from 1816 to 1824?


  John Quincy Adams
• What were the two treaties negotiated by John Quincy Adams to expand U.S. boundaries?


  The Adams-Onis Treaty and the Transcontinental Treaty.
• What did the U.S. acquire under the Adams-Onis Treaty?


  Florida
• What was the significance of the Transcontinental Treaty?


  It established joint occupation of Oregon and set the boundary at the 49th parallel.
• How did the U.S. government make land available to white settlers beyond the Appalachians?


  By moving Native Americans to the west side of the Mississippi River.
• What was the impact of settlers being in debt on the Trans-Appalachian West?


  It led to a focus on commercial farming and access to markets.
• What were the main reasons immigrants settled in the West?


  • Escape overpopulation back east
  • Rising land prices back east
  • Worn-out soil back east
• How much did the U.S. pay to Spain under the Adams-Onis Treaty?


  $5 million
• What was the effect of the Erie Canal on trade?


  It reduced costs and allowed for rapid growth of New York City as a commercial center.
• How did the revolution in transportation affect agriculture?


  It lowered transportation costs, leading to greater income for farmers.
• Who is credited with the invention of the cotton gin?

  Eli Whitney
• What was the role of state banks after 1812?


  They grew rapidly and made loans easier and cheaper to obtain.
• What was the outcome of the Missouri Compromise?


  Missouri became a slave state, and Maine became a free state, with slavery banned north of latitude 36 degrees 30 minutes.
• What was the Monroe Doctrine's main message?


  European nations should stay out of the Western Hemisphere.
• Who was the chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835?


  John Marshall
• What was the political climate in the U.S. after the War of 1812?


  The U.S. had a one-party system with the Democratic-Republicans in power.
• How did President Monroe respond to the financial panic of 1819?


  He did nothing to control it or mitigate its effects.
• What was the American System proposed by Henry Clay?


  It aimed to create a second Bank of the United States, enact protective tariffs, and spend federal money on internal improvements.
• What was a significant characteristic of the era of good feelings?


  It was marked by a lack of political contention.
• What was the impact of the Missouri controversy on North-South relations?


  It demonstrated a fundamental rift between North and South.
• How did the shift in American focus from Europe to national affairs manifest after the War of 1812?


  It indicated America's growing self-confidence and detachment from European struggles.
• What was the primary economic development in the U.S. during this period?


  The growth of a market economy of national scope.
• What was the role of the Supreme Court under John Marshall?


  To protect individual property rights and limit state powers.
• How did the U.S. government respond to the needs of commercial farming?


  By creating a new system of marketing through local and regional merchants.
• What was the significance of the canal boom in the U.S. economy?


  It linked East and West, facilitating trade and commerce.
• What was the main reason for the forced removal of Native Americans?


  To make land available for white settlers.
• How did the introduction of steamboats affect transportation costs?


  It drove transportation costs down.
• What was the relationship between commercial farming and the banking system?


  Commercial farming stimulated the banking system through increased use of credit.
• What was the outcome of the financial panic of 1819?


  It resulted in a collapse of the nation's money supply.
• What was the primary focus of manufacturing after the War of 1812?


  Most manufacturing was still done at home, financed by merchants.
• How did the political landscape change after the Federalists were out of power?


  The Democratic-Republicans adopted many Federalist measures.
• What was the significance of the boundary set at the 49th parallel?


  It established a boundary between the U.S. and British territories in North America.
• What was the main agricultural staple that became successful during this period?

  Cotton
• What was the role of the federal government in internal improvements during Monroe's presidency?


  Monroe had constitutional misgivings about federal aid for internal improvements.
• How did sectional conflict arise from grants for internal improvements?


  Grants provoked sectional conflict as different regions had competing interests.
• What was the primary reason for the rise of sectionalism during Adams' presidency?

  Adams was a nationalist in an age of growing sectionalism.
• What was the significance of the population doubling between 1800 and 1850?


  It was due to a high birthrate and a large increase in immigration.
• How did the U.S. government's policy towards Native Americans reflect the attitudes of the time?


  It showed a disregard for Native American rights in favor of white settlement.