Ethics

• How can ethics be provisionally described?


  As the empirical study of moral decisions.
• What is the primary concern of ethics?


  What is morally good and evil, right and wrong.
• What does ethics systematically analyze?


  The nature of human actions.
• What aspect of actions does ethics focus on?


  The correctness and wrongness of the act.
• What is the origin of the word "ethics"?


  From the Greek word "ethos" meaning "character".
• What does the Latin word "mos" mean?


  Custom.
• What are morals concerned with?

  The rules of conduct recognized in respect to human actions.
• How do morals differ from morality?


  Morality is a personal compass of right and wrong, while morals prescribe dos and don'ts.
• Where do moral standards come from?


  From social systems (external) and individuals (internal).
• Why do people adhere to ethical standards?

  Because society says it is the right thing to do.
• What is the consistency of ethical principles across industries?


  They remain consistent as they offer strict behavioral guidelines.
• How do moral rules differ from ethical principles?


  Moral rules are personal and vary from individual to individual.
• How does ethical behavior influence decision-making?


  Your code of ethical behavior influences your response to ethical issues.
• What do moral decisions stem from?


  Personal values.
• How are ethical rules established?


  They stem from a social context and relate to societal regulations.
• What is the difference between ethical and moral codes?


  Ethical codes are collective, while moral codes are personal.
• What does law refer to?


  A systematic body of rules that governs society.
• How does ethics differ from law?


  Ethics is a branch of moral philosophy guiding conduct, while law is a set of rules.
• What is the objective of law?


  To maintain social order and protect citizens.
• What is the binding nature of law compared to ethics?


  Law has legal binding, while ethics do not.
• What characterizes ethical behavior?


  Actions that conform to the majority of social norms.
• What characterizes unethical behavior?

  Actions that violate social norms or are deemed unacceptable.
• What are the four types of ethics?

  • Descriptive Ethics: Study of people's views about moral beliefs.
  • Normative Ethics: Study of ethical action and rightness or wrongness.
  • Meta Ethics: Study of the origin of ethical concepts.
  • Applied Ethics: Application of ethical principles to real-life issues.
• What are the importance of ethics?


  • Determines the difference between right and wrong.
  • Eliminates actions that do not conform to what is right.
  • Encourages careful decision-making.
  • Reduces disturbance from internal and external factors.
  • Establishes good character habits.
  • Aids in rational decision-making during dilemmas.
  • Promotes responsibility in various social contexts.
  • Enhances sensitivity to others' needs.
  • Encourages conscience in decision-making.
• What are moral standards concerned with?


  Human behavior and the distinction between good and bad behavior.
• What do moral standards involve?


  The rules about actions believed to be morally right and wrong.
• What are the characteristics of moral standards?


  Moral standards entail serious harm or benefit and are perceived to be universal.
• How are morals shaped?


  By the beliefs of an individual and their life experiences.
• How are moral standards formed?


  • Individual beliefs and values.
  • Religious values and character.
  • Rules and regulations.
  • Life experiences.
• What are nonmoral standards?


  Rules unrelated to moral or ethical considerations.
• What are examples of nonmoral standards?


  Standards of etiquette, law, and aesthetics.
• What is a moral dilemma?


  A conflict where you must choose between two or more actions with moral reasons for each.
• What are the characteristics of a moral dilemma?


  1. Choosing one moral value over another.
  2. Strong moral reasons for each action.
  3. Equally significant moral values.
• What principles are involved in moral decision-making?

  Truthfulness, justice, responsibility, and compassion.
• What are the types of moral dilemmas?

  • Epistemic & Ontological Dilemmas
  • Self-imposed & World-imposed Dilemmas
  • Obligation & Prohibition Dilemmas
  • Single Agent & Multi-person Dilemmas
• What is an epistemic moral dilemma?


  A conflict due to a lack of knowledge about the right course of action.
• What is an ontological moral dilemma?


  A conflict where moral obligations are fundamentally on the same ethical level.
• What causes an epistemic moral dilemma?


  Uncertainty, incomplete information, or lack of understanding.
• How can an epistemic moral dilemma be resolved?


  By seeking more information or clarity about the situation.
• What causes an ontological moral dilemma?


  The inherent equality of conflicting moral principles or duties.