Introduction

• Philosophy from Greek Words

  philein - love

  sophia - wisdom
• Branches of Philosophy

  • Logic
  • Epistemology
  • Metaphysics
  • Aesthetic
  • Social Philosophy
  • Ethics

  General Metaphysics

  • Ontology

  Special Metaphysics

  • Cosmology
  • Rational
  • Theodicy
• Logic 


  science of art of correct thinking and reasoning
• Epistemology 


  study of human knowledge
• Metaphysics 


  science of the ultimate principles and properties of real being
• Ontology 


  science of being in it's most general aspects
• Cosmology 


  study of inanimate physical beings
• Rational 


  study of the life principle
• Theodicy 


  study of the essence and existence of God based on mainly on reason
• Aesthetics 


  study of beauty
• Social Philosophy 


  study of man and his place in society
• Ethics


  study of the nature and morality of human acts
• Ethics from Greek Words

  ethos - behavior

  In Latin

  mores - morality
• Human acts


  are actions done intentionally and freely, like walking, shopping, reading etc.
• acts of human


  which are instinctive, such as physiological and psychological movements
• Ethical Approaches

  • the atheistic approach
  • the theistic approach
• atheistic approach 


  assumes that only matter exist and man is responsible only to the state since there is no God who rules the universe
• the theistic approach 


  assumes that God is the Supreme Lawgiver
• General Ethics 


  about the principles of morality
• Special Ethics


  the application of the principles of General Ethics to the problem and issues
• Art of Correct Living 


  teaches us how we may put order and harmony in our lives
• Morality 


  comes form Latin “moralis” meaning customs or manners
• Non - Moral Standards 


  also known as “Conventional Standards”, which we judge what is good or bad, what is right and wrong
• Amoral


  it is something that is not influenced by what is right and wrong with the person

  • conscience
  • freedom
• Determinants of Morality 


  factors that contributes a lot of evilness or goodness of concrete individual act
• • object - maybe a thing or act itself
  • end - the purpose
  • circumstances - situation behind or during the action