parliment

• What exceptional changes did Parliament make during Elizabeth's reign?


  Religious and constitutional changes
• What was the role of Parliament by the time of Elizabeth's reign?


  It was the monarch's necessary partner in the lawmaking process
• How significant was Parliament in the Elizabethan political system?


  It was a secondary feature for legislative and revenue-raising purposes
• How many parliaments were called during Elizabeth's reign?


  • 13 parliaments called in 45 years
  • No sessions in 26 years
• How many acts were passed by Elizabeth's parliaments?


  438 acts
• In which years did Elizabeth intervene to prevent discussion of foreign affairs and matters of state?


  1571 and 1593
• What was established during the 1st Parliament of Elizabeth?


  • Religious settlement
  • Legal status of the church and forms of worship established
• Who encouraged the religious settlement during the 1st Parliament?

  Protestant councillors: Cecil, Knollys, Bacon
• What was the focus of the 2nd Parliament of Elizabeth?


  • Extraordinary revenue to strengthen the northern border
  • Large number of MPs urging Elizabeth to marry
  • First instance of disagreement between Parliament and the Queen
• How did Elizabeth view marriage during the 2nd Parliament?


  As a part of the royal prerogative
• What were the main issues discussed in the 3rd Parliament?


  • Extraordinary revenue
  • Marriage
  • Elizabeth prevented further religious reform bills
• What was the purpose of the 4th Parliament in 1571?


  To provide extraordinary revenue for the suppression of the northern rebellion
• Who proposed a bill to reform the Book of Common Prayer in the 4th Parliament?

  William Strickland
• What was the outcome of Strickland's proposal in the 4th Parliament?


  Elizabeth vetoed it due to council's preference for subtle reform
• What were the main issues addressed in the 5th Parliament of 1572?


  • Security after the Ridolfi plot
  • Execution of the Duke of Norfolk and Mary Queen of Scots
  • Social and economic legislation
• What was the focus of the 6th Parliament in 1576?


  Parliament revealed from the previous session and granted a subsidy
• Who argued that members of Parliament had the right to discuss any subject in the 6th Parliament?

  Peter Wentworth
• What were the main issues discussed in the 7th Parliament of 1581?

  • Parliament recalled from the previous session
  • Granted a subsidy
  • Tightened anti-Catholic laws
• What was the focus of the 8th Parliament from November 1584 to March 1585?

  • Aftermath of the assassination of William of Orange
  • Tightened anti-Catholic laws
  • Act for the serenity of the queen's person
• What were the main issues addressed in the 9th Parliament from October 1586 to March 1587?


  • Difficult international relations and aftermath of the Babington plot
  • Debated execution of Mary Queen of Scots
  • Presbyterian MPs sought religious reform
• What was Elizabeth's response to the petition for Mary's execution in the 9th Parliament?

  She disregarded her entire reign's habits by seeking parliamentary advice
• What were the main issues discussed in the 10th Parliament of February to March 1589?

  • Extraordinary revenue for the war with Spain
  • Double subsidy
  • Positive outcomes due to the aftermath of the Armada triumph
• What were the main issues addressed in the 11th Parliament from January to April 1593?

  • Legislation against recusants
  • Triple subsidy
  • Peter Wentworth imprisoned for infringing on royal prerogative
• What were the main issues discussed in the 12th Parliament from October 1587 to February 1598?

  • Social and economic crisis
  • Elizabeth needed money
  • Poor law introduced
  • Triple subsidy
  • Monopolies controversy
• What were the main issues addressed in the 13th Parliament from January to April 1593?

  • Elizabeth short on money
  • 1598 Poor Law revised
  • Demonstrated political skill
  • Quadruple subsidy
  • Even more controversy
• What roles did Sir Francis Knollys and Sir Hattom play in managing Parliament?


  • They acted as floor managers
  • Cecil used his own lawyers and experts to support Parliament
• How many bills did Elizabeth refuse royal assent to during her reign?

  Over 60 bills
• What was the impact of monopolies granted by Elizabeth in 1597 and 1601?

  • Nobles became very rich at the expense of the country
  • Parliament refused to grant government subsidies
  • Elizabeth forced to repeal or suspend monopolies
• What was the significance of the Golden Speech in 1601?

  • Farewell speech by Elizabeth
  • Acknowledged as a masterful performance
  • Many MPs reportedly left in tears
• How did Elizabeth's image change as she grew older?

  • Became increasingly indecisive and prone to rages
  • More forgiving of her favorites
  • Continued engagement with political life despite challenges
• Who dominated the Privy Council towards the end of Elizabeth's reign?

  Sir Robert Cecil
• What did Sir Robert Cecil understand about governing during Elizabeth's reign?

  He knew better than to ignore the great nobles or the fact that the queen ruled
• Who were the floor managers in Parliament during Elizabeth's reign?

  Sir Francis Knollys and Sir Hattom
• What role did Cecil play in supporting Parliament?


  Cecil used his own lawyers and experts to support Parliament
• How many bills did Elizabeth refuse royal assent to during her reign?


  Over 60 bills
• What were the implications of the monopolies granted by Elizabeth in 1597 and 1601?


  • Monopolies over basic commodities like salt were granted
  • Made nobles very rich at the expense of the country
  • Angered Parliament, leading to refusal of government subsidies
  • Elizabeth was forced to repeal or suspend monopolies
• What was Robert Cecil's political skill level in negotiating with Parliament?


  Robert Cecil did not have the political skills to negotiate with Parliament
• What was the outcome of Parliament's reaction to the monopolies?


  Parliament became oppositional
• How many MPs and who was present during the Golden Speech in 1601?


  140 MPs and the Speaker
• What did Elizabeth realize about the Golden Speech?


  It was likely to be the final Parliament of her reign