Atomic

• What is the basic structure of an atom?

  An atom consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
• What is the approximate radius of an atom?

  About 1 × 10^{-10}m
• How does the radius of the nucleus compare to the radius of the atom?


  The radius of the nucleus is less than 1/10,000 of the radius of the atom
• What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?


  The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
• What charge do protons and neutrons have?


  Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge.
• What is the overall charge of the nucleus?


  The nucleus has an overall positive charge due to the protons.
• What charge do electrons have?


  Electrons have a negative charge.
• Where are electrons found in an atom?


  Electrons are found in energy levels surrounding the nucleus.
• How does the energy of an electron relate to its distance from the nucleus?


  Electrons in energy levels further from the nucleus have higher energy.
• What happens to an electron when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation?


  The electron can move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level.
• What occurs when an electron emits electromagnetic radiation?


  The electron returns to a lower energy level.
• What should you be able to do by the end of the video on atomic and mass numbers?


  Use atomic and mass numbers to work out the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms
• What is meant by an isotope?


  An isotope is an atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
• What is meant by an ion?


  An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons, resulting in a charge
• What do atoms contain in their structure?

  Atoms contain a central nucleus with protons and neutrons, and electrons in energy levels
• What charge do protons have?


  Protons have a positive charge
• What charge do neutrons have?


  Neutrons have no charge
• What charge do electrons have?


  Electrons have a negative charge
• Why do atoms have no overall charge?


  Atoms have no overall charge because the number of electrons equals the number of protons
• What is the atomic number?


  The atomic number is the smaller number in the element's symbol that indicates the number of protons
• How many protons does a sodium atom have?


  A sodium atom has 11 protons
• What does the mass number represent?


  The mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
• How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?


  Subtract the atomic number from the mass number
• How many neutrons does a sodium atom have if its mass number is 23?


  A sodium atom has 12 neutrons
• What are isotopes?


  Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
• How many neutrons do the two isotopes of sodium have?


  The first isotope has 12 neutrons and the second has 13 neutrons
• What happens when a sodium atom loses one electron?


  It becomes a sodium ion with a +1 charge
• What is the charge of a sodium ion after losing one electron?


  The charge of a sodium ion is +1
• What happens if an atom loses two electrons?


  It becomes an ion with a +2 charge
• Can atoms gain electrons to form negative ions?


  Yes, atoms can gain electrons to form negative ions
• What are the key concepts related to atomic and mass numbers, isotopes, and ions?


  • Atomic number indicates the number of protons
  • Mass number is the total of protons and neutrons
  • Isotopes have the same atomic number but different neutrons
  • Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons
• Where can you find questions on atomic and mass numbers, isotopes, and ions?


  In the vision workbook linked in the video
• What is the overall charge of an atom with equal numbers of protons and electrons?


  The overall charge of such an atom is neutral
• State the term used to describe nuclides which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons


  an isotope
• When looking at nuclide notation, what does the bottom number represent 


  the number of protons
• State what must be true for an atom to have neutral overall charge


  The number of protons and electrons must be equal