Human endocrine system 5.3.1

Cards (32)

  • the endocrine system works with the nervous system to help coordinate and control the body
  • it is made up of glands that release chemicals called hormones into the blood stream, which travel around the body until they reach their target organ
  • the target organ has receptors that bind to the hormone molecules which leads to a response by the cell
  • the endocrine system is made up of glands that release hormones into the blood stream
  • hormones are chemicals that are released by glands and travel round the bloodstream to a target organ, where it causes an effect or response
  • the target organ is the specific organ that the hormone will cause a response in
    1. the hormones are released from the gland into the blood stream
    2. the hormones make their way to the target organ through the blood stream
    3. the hormones bind to the specific receptor (complementary) which leads to a response by the cell
    4. (if the receptor of the organ was not complementary, there would be no response)
  • the nervous system is faster than the hormones
  • the effect of hormones are longer lasting than the nervous system
  • the nervous system involves electrical impulses, but hormones dont
  • the nervous system involves neurones and hormones dont
  • hormones involve glands and the nervous system doesnt
  • hormones travel in the blood stream, but neurotransmitters dont
  • a fast hormone has a shorter term, usually reversible effect and an example is insulin and adrenaline
  • a slow hormone has a longer term effect that can be permanent and an example is growth hormones or sex hormones
  • the pituitary gland produces growth hormone, TSH, FSH, LH and ADH
  • the growth hormone controls growth in children
  • TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine to control the rate of metabolism
  • FSH stimulates the ovaries to mature eggs and make the female sex hormone oestrogen in women
  • LH stimulates the ovaries to release eggs in women and stimulates the testes to make sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone in men
  • ADH affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney
  • the thyroid produces thyroxine, insulin and glucagon
  • thyroxine controls the metabolic rate of the body
  • insulin and glucagon control the level of glucose in the blood
  • the adrenal gland produces adrenaline
  • adrenaline prepares the body for stressful situations and triggers the fight or flight response
  • the ovaries produce oestrogen
  • oestrogen controls the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the menstrual cycle
  • the testes produce testosterone
  • testosterone controls the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the production of sperm
  • the pituitary gland can be called the master gland because it controls the release of many different hormones and it also controls other glands as well. it also produces many other hormones as well.
  • these hormones in turn act on other glands to stimulate other hormones to be released to bring about effects