Introduction and Bonding

• What are the important biological molecules and their functions?

  1. Carbohydrates: Store & supply energy, structural
  2. Proteins: Transport, structure, enzymes, hormones, antibodies
  3. Lipids: Cell membranes, insulation, protection, minor energy supply
  4. Water: Formation of molecules, metabolic reactions
  5. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA made of nucleotides
  6. Enzymes: Biological catalysts made of proteins
  7. ATP: Energy carrying molecule
• What is an ionic bond?


  A bond formed between two ions by the transfer of electrons
• What do atoms transfer to form an ionic bond?

  Electrons
• What type of ions form an ionic bond?

  A positive ion (metal) and a negative ion (nonmetal)
• What is the octet rule in covalent bonding?

  Atoms want to achieve a noble gas configuration
• How do atoms achieve an octet in covalent bonding?

  By sharing an electron pair
• What is a bonding pair in covalent bonding?

  A shared electron pair between atoms
• How do two chlorine atoms react to achieve an octet?

  By sharing an electron pair
• What is a hydrogen bond?

  A weak electrostatic bond formed between a slightly positively charged part of a molecule and a slightly negatively charged part of another molecule
• What is meant by a molecule being polarized?

  It has an uneven charge distribution