The scramble for Africa

• What is the main topic of the study material?

  European Colonisation of Africa
• What does the term "colonise" mean ?


  To establish a colony in or settle an area.
• What is the definition of imperialism?


  It is the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire over foreign countries.
• When did European powers start to create colonial empires?

  In the 16th century.
• What significant event occurred during the 1800s regarding European powers?


  They carved out spheres of influence in China, India, and Africa.
• Which European power was the most dominant during the new imperialism?

  England
• What phrase describes the extent of the British Empire?

  The "sun never set on the British Empire."
• What technological advances helped European empires during the 19th century?


  Improved medicine, steam engines, and better guns.
• How did the European mindset view their actions in Africa?


  They believed they were bringing civilization and technological advances to "savages."
• What were the economic impacts of colonization on Africa?


  • Forced Africans to pay taxes.
  • Pressured to grow cash crops.
  • Exploitation of natural resources.
  • Millions of Africans captured and shipped as slaves.
• What was the primary reason for the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade?


  To find labor after Native Americans died from diseases.
• Why were Africans preferred as laborers by European colonists?


  They were resistant to European and tropical diseases.
• What did Europeans want from Africa during the Scramble for Africa?


  Natural resources, land, and a workforce.
• What were the motives behind the Scramble for Africa in the late 1880s?


  • Build national prestige.
  • Gain raw materials for factories.
  • Create markets for manufactured goods.
  • Prevent other European countries from acquiring wealth.
• What ideology did many Europeans hold regarding their imperial actions?


  They believed it was morally good to civilize and modernize Africa.
• What was a common tax imposed on Africans during colonization?

  Hut tax and head tax.
• What does the term strategic mean?


  To achieve a certain goal
• What does hypocritical mean?


  People who say something but do the opposite
• What was a significant socio-political impact of colonization on African tribes?


  Tribes might be ruled by more than one country or pushed onto the same land as enemy tribes.
• What is a colony?


  An area occupied/controlled by another foreign state
• What are the cultural impacts of colonization in Africa?


  • Cultural conflict due to imposed European values.
  • Land disputes among tribes.
  • Loss of traditional practices and languages.
• What does exploitation mean?


  To take advantage of
• What is a protectorate?


  A territory largely controlled by another stronger country
• What is colonialism?


  To take possession of other countries and exploit them
• What does tension refer to in a historical context?


  Hostility or negative feelings between people or countries
• Who was Bismarck?


  Chancellor of Germany
• What characterized Africa before 1800?


  Africa was made up of thousands of ethnic groups with their own traditions, religions, and cultures
• Why did a few African empires not last long?

  Due to persistent fighting between neighboring tribes
• How many independent states remained in Africa by 1895?


  Only 2 independent states
• What was the "Scramble" for Africa?


  The race for colonies in Africa by European powers
• Which countries claimed large territories in Africa before 1884?

  Britain, Portugal, and France
• What was the role of the Berlin Conference in African colonization?


  It established guidelines for the colonization of African territories
• How did the Berlin Conference affect indigenous cultures in Africa?


  It replaced thousands of indigenous cultures and regions with a new colonial map
• What did the Berlin Conference participants believe about African people?


  They believed African people wouldn't care if they were taken over
• Who convened the Berlin Conference in 1884?

  Otto von Bismarck
• What was one outcome of the Berlin Conference regarding African territories?


  Africa was divided into 50 countries by 1914
• How did the Berlin Conference contribute to World War I?


  It led to fierce competition among nations to own more colonies
• What were some strategic reasons for European colonization of Africa?


  Ports were needed to protect trade routes
• What were some economic reasons for colonization?


  To obtain new raw materials and win markets for manufactured goods
• Who was sent by King Leopold II to close treaties with African chiefs?


  Henry Stanley