Multi-store Memory Model

• What are the three main assumptions of the Multi-store Memory Model?


  1. Our mind works sequentially
  2. We have one store for STM and one store for LTM
  3. Our STM and LTM are physically separate
• What is a drawback of the Multi-store Memory Model?


  It assumes once something is in our LTM it is impossible to forget
• What is elaborative rehearsal?


  Rehearsal with pre-existing information to link to
• What types of information can be recorded differently in sensory memory?


  Iconic and echoic information
• What does the term "iconic" refer to in memory?


  Visual information
• What does the term "echoic" refer to in memory?


  Auditory information
• What did Baddeley find regarding similar-sounding and similar-meaning words?


  Similar-sounding words are harder to remember in STM, and similar-meaning words are harder in LTM
• How is trauma a weakness for the MSMM?

  Trauma can bypass STM and be committed directly to LTM, something that the MSMM doesn't account for.
• What did Shallice and Warrington's study on a patient with amnesia reveal?


  The patient had better recall when reading than when spoken to, indicating a split in sensory memory
• What was observed in the case of patient HM?


  He could not commit new information to LTM but had a functioning STM
• What did Craik and Watkins find about maintenance rehearsal?


  It extends the duration of information in STM but does not commit it to LTM without elaborative rehearsal
• What is a limitation of studies supporting the MSMM?


  They are usually conducted in a lab, leading to low ecological validity
• What is the definition of low ecological validity?


  Information that can’t be transferred to the real world
• What is the difference between iconic and echoic memory?


  • Iconic memory: Visual information
  • Echoic memory: Auditory information