Ionic bonding

• What are ionic compounds made of?

  Positively and negatively charged ions held together by electrostatic attraction
• What is the formula for ammonium carbonate?

  NH₄CO₃
• How can you work out the formula of an ionic compound?


  By using the swap and drop method
• What are the steps in the swap and drop method for ionic compounds?

  1. Write the two ions
  2. Swap the charges
  3. Drop the charges
  4. Simplify to the lowest whole number ratio
• What is the structure of ionic compounds like sodium chloride?


  They have a giant ionic structure
• What is a characteristic of the giant ionic structure?

  It has a regular structure and cubic shape with a repeating pattern
• Why do most ionic compounds dissolve in water?

  Because water molecules are polar and can attract the positive and negative ions
• What happens to ionic compounds when they are dissolved in water?


  They break apart into their constituent ions
• How do ionic compounds conduct electricity?


  They conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in solution because the ions are free to move around
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

  Because there are many strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions that require a lot of energy to overcome
• What type of forces hold ionic compounds together?

  Electrostatic forces
• What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of ionic compounds in water?

  Generally, the solubility of ionic compounds increases with temperature
• What is ionic bonding?

  • Involves charged ions
  • Held together by strong electrostatic attractions
  • Formed between oppositely charged ions
• How does sodium achieve a full shell of electrons in ionic bonding?

  Sodium gives up an electron to chlorine
• What charge does sodium ion have after losing an electron?

  Positive charge
• What charge does chlorine ion have after gaining an electron?

  Negative charge
• What are the charges of ions formed by groups 1 to 7?

  • Group 1: +1 ions
  • Group 2: +2 ions
  • Group 3: +3 ions
  • Group 5: -3 ions
  • Group 6: -2 ions
  • Group 7: -1 ions
• What is the swap and drop method used for?

  To work out the formula of an ionic compound
• How do you apply the swap and drop method using calcium and nitrate ions?

  Swap the charges and drop them to get Ca(NO₃)₂
• What is the formula for calcium oxide using the swap and drop method?

  CaO
• What is the structure of ionic compounds like sodium chloride?

  • Giant ionic structures
  • Regular cubic shape
  • Giant repeating pattern
• Why do ionic compounds dissolve well in water?


  Water's polarity attracts positive and negative ions
• How do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  When they are molten or dissolved in solution, ions are free to move
• What is the melting point characteristic of ionic compounds?

  They have very high melting points
• How are ionic bonds formed?

  They are formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• In the case of sodium and chlorine, what happens to the electron during ionic bonding?

  The sodium atom gives up an electron to the chlorine atom.
• What charge do group one elements form when they become ions?

  Group one elements form +1 ions.
• What is the swap and drop method used for?

  It is used to work out the formula of an ionic compound.
• How would you write the formula for calcium nitrate using the swap and drop method?

  Ca(NO3)2.
• What is the structure of sodium chloride?

  Sodium chloride has a giant ionic structure with a cubic shape.
• Why do ionic compounds dissolve in water?

  Water is polar and can attract the positive and negative ions.
• What happens to ionic compounds when they are molten or dissolved in solution?

  They can conduct electricity because the ions are free to move.
• How do the properties of ionic compounds differ from those of covalent compounds?

  Ionic compounds typically have high melting points and conduct electricity when dissolved, while covalent compounds have lower melting points and do not conduct electricity.
• What is an ion?

  An ion is an atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
• What is an ionic bond?

  An ionic bond is formed when a metal atom loses electron(s) to form a positively charged ion and a non-metal atom gains these electron(s) to form a negatively charged ion.
• What is an ionic compound?

  An ionic compound is a chemical compound formed of ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces.
• What type of elements does ionic bonding occur between?

  A metal and a non-metal
• What happens to electrons during ionic bonding?

  Electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal
• What are the charged particles created during ionic bonding called?


  ions
• What type of structure is formed by oppositely charged ions in ionic bonding?

  A giant ionic lattice