Management and leadership

• what is leadership?


  the way in which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people
• role of leadership


  • inspire employees
  • creating a vision and direction of the business
  • building effective teams
• why is leadership important?


  • because of changing organisational structures - increased emphasis on teamwork
  • for guidance
• what does a leader do?


  • set the strategy and objectives
  • inspire people
  • build relationships
  • take risks
• what does a manager do?

  • implement the strategy
  • coordinate resources
  • use authority to make decisions
  • manage risks
• three key levels of management in a business

  • senior management
  • middle management
  • junior management
• senior management


  • e.g board of directors
  • set corporate objectives and strategic decision
  • board is responsible to shareholders
• middle management


  • runs business functions and departments
• junior management


  • monitor and controls day-to-day tasks
  • manages teams of workers
• leadership styles are determined by the way that the functions of leadership are carried out, and how a leader behaves
• leadership styles


  • authoritarian
  • paternalistic
  • democratic
  • laissez-faire
• authoritarian


  • focus of power is with the manager
  • communication is one way, coming from the top
  • use of rewards and penalties
• paternalistic


  • leader decides what is best for employees
  • family vibes
  • softer form of authoritarian leadership
• democratic


  • focus of power is more with the group as a whole
  • leadership functions are shared within the group
  • employees have greater involvement in decision making
• laissez-faire


  • leader puts little input into day-to-day decision making
  • manangers / employees have freedom to do what they think is best
  • effective when staff are willing to take on responsibility
  • would be a useful leadership style for an art / music business
• autocratic


  • a ruler who has absolute power
  • would be useful when a business is going through failure and needs decisions to be made quickly
• Tannenbaum and Schmidt - continuum of leadership behaviour


  • devised their continuum that illustrates a range of potential leadership and management styles
  • it recognises that the chosen leadership style depends on a variety of factors, including the leader's personality
  • allows for situational factors such as the need for urgency in decision making
• the continuum represents a range of action related to the:

  • degree of authority used by the leader
  • area of freedom available to non-managers
• the Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum identified 4 main styles of leadership


  • tells
  • sells
  • consults
  • joins
• tells

  leader identifies problems, makes a decision and announces to subordinates; expects implementation
• sells

  leader still makes a decision, but attempts to overcome resistance through discussion and persuasion
• consults


  leader identifies the problem and presents it to the group, advice and suggestions are listened to before making a decision
• joins

  leader defines the problem and passes on the solving and decision making to the group
• Tannenbaum and Schmidt Continuum

  
• leadership style


  the approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people
• management


  the art of getting things done through people