Circulatory system-blood

• What is blood classified as?


  Blood is a tissue.
• What are the four components of blood and their functions?

  1. Red blood cells: Carry oxygen around the body.
  2. White blood cells: Defend against infection.
  3. Platelets: Help blood to clot at a wound.
  4. Plasma: Carries everything in the blood.
• What is the shape of red blood cells?


  Red blood cells have a biconcave shape.
• Why do red blood cells have a biconcave shape?


  It provides more room for oxygen and a larger surface area for absorption.
• What substance do red blood cells contain that binds to oxygen?


  Red blood cells contain haemoglobin.
• What is the function of white blood cells?


  White blood cells defend against infection.
• What processes do white blood cells use to defend against pathogens?


  White blood cells use phagocytosis, produce antitoxins, and create antibodies.
• What is the role of platelets in the blood?


  Platelets help blood to clot at a wound.
• What is plasma in the context of blood?


  Plasma is the liquid component that carries everything in the blood.
• What substances are carried in the plasma?

  • Amino acids
  • Urea
  • Glucose
  • Antibodies
  • Antitoxins
  • White blood cells
  • Proteins
  • Platelets
  • Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
• What is the primary function of the circulatory system?


  To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues
• What is the role of haemoglobin in red blood cells?


  It binds oxygen for transport throughout the body
• How does the biconcave shape of red blood cells benefit their function?


  It increases surface area for oxygen absorption
• What process do white blood cells use to engulf pathogens?


  Phagocytosis
• What is the function of antibodies in the immune response?


  They bind to pathogens and help destroy them
• What do antitoxins do?


  They neutralize toxins produced by pathogens
• What are platelets and their function?


  They are small fragments of cells that help clot blood
• Why is plasma important in the blood?


  It carries everything in the blood, including cells and waste products
• What does artificial blood consist of?


  Saltwater
• What is the purpose of a blood transfusion?


  To replace lost blood with donated blood
• Why are red blood cells crucial for surviving blood loss?


  They are key to transporting oxygen in the body
• What are the components of blood and their functions?

  • Red blood cells: Transport oxygen
  • White blood cells: Fight infections
  • Platelets: Help in blood clotting
  • Plasma: Carries nutrients, waste products, hormones, and proteins
• What are the key differences between red blood cells and white blood cells?


  • Red blood cells: No nucleus, biconcave shape, transport oxygen
  • White blood cells: Have a nucleus, involved in immune response, can engulf pathogens
• What is one of the main jobs of the circulatory system?


  To act as a huge transport system
• What are the four main components found in blood?

  • Red Blood Cells
  • White Blood Cells
  • Platelets
  • Plasma
• What is the primary function of red blood cells?


  To carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body
• Why is the shape of red blood cells important?


  It provides a large surface area for absorbing oxygen
• Do red blood cells have a nucleus?


  No, they do not have a nucleus
• What pigment do red blood cells contain?

  Haemoglobin
• What happens to haemoglobin in the lungs?


  It binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin
• What occurs to oxyhaemoglobin in body tissues?


  It splits into haemoglobin and oxygen to release oxygen to the cells
• What is the role of white blood cells?


  To defend against infection
• What is phagocytosis?


  A process where some white blood cells change shape to gobble up microorganisms
• What do some white blood cells produce to fight microorganisms?


  Antibodies and antitoxins
• Do white blood cells have a nucleus?


  Yes, they do have a nucleus
• What are platelets?


  Small fragments of cells that help blood clot
• Do platelets have a nucleus?


  No, they have no nucleus
• What is the function of platelets in the blood?


  To help the blood to clot at a wound
• What can a lack of platelets cause?


  Excessive bleeding and bruising
• What does plasma carry in the blood?


  • Red and white blood cells and platelets
  • Nutrients like glucose and amino acids
  • Carbon dioxide from organs to lungs
  • Urea from liver to kidneys
  • Hormones
  • Proteins
  • Antibodies and antitoxins