Health and disease

• What is the definition of health?


  Health is the state of physical and mental wellbeing.
• How can diseases affect health?


  Diseases can cause ill health.
• What are the three factors that can affect health?

  1. Diet
  2. Stress
  3. Life situation (e.g., access to health care)
• What is a communicable disease?


  A communicable disease is a disease that can spread from person to person or between animals and people.
• What is a non-communicable disease?


  A non-communicable disease is a disease that cannot spread between people or between animals and people.
• What are the four ways that diseases may interact?

  1. Disorder affecting the immune system can increase susceptibility to communicable diseases.
  2. Infection by certain viruses can lead to certain cancers.
  3. Pathogen infection can cause an immune system reaction, leading to allergic reactions (e.g., rashes or asthma).
  4. Severe physical health problems can lead to mental health issues (e.g., depression).
• How does a disorder affecting the immune system relate to communicable diseases?


  A disorder affecting the immune system can make a person more susceptible to communicable diseases.
• What type of health issues can arise from severe physical health problems?


  Severe physical health problems can lead to mental health issues, such as depression.
• What is the definition of health?


  State of physical & mental wellbeing
• What are the factors of good health?

  • Balanced diet
  • Enough exercise & sleep
  • Positive social interactions
  • Access to medical care (vaccines)
• What is a disease?


  A condition that can cause ill health
• How can an unhealthy diet lead to disease?


  It can lead to conditions such as diabetes
• What is a communicable disease?


  • Can be spread from person to person or animals
  • Caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
  • Examples: common cold, malaria, meningitis
• What is a non-communicable disease?


  • Not spread between people
  • Examples: asthma, CHD, diabetes, cancer
  • Typically start slow and last a long time
• What are the four ways diseases may interact?

  1. Disorder affecting immune system → increased susceptibility to communicable diseases
  2. Infections by some viruses can cause certain cancers (e.g., HPV causes cervical cancer)
  3. Pathogen infection causing immune system reaction can damage own tissues
  4. Severe physical health problems can lead to mental health issues (e.g., depression, chronic anxiety)
• What is the definition of health?


  Health is the state of physical and mental wellbeing.
• Why are diseases considered a major cause of ill health?


  Diseases are often responsible for causing ill health.
• What are the two main types of diseases?

  • Communicable diseases
  • Non-communicable diseases
• What are communicable diseases?


  Communicable diseases can spread from person to person or between animals and people.
• Give two examples of communicable diseases.

  Measles and malaria.
• What are non-communicable diseases?


  Non-communicable diseases cannot spread between people or between animals and people.
• Name two examples of non-communicable diseases.

  Asthma and cancer.
• How can different types of diseases interact?

  • Immune system issues increase susceptibility to communicable diseases.
  • Certain infections can trigger types of cancer.
  • Pathogen infections can worsen allergic reactions.
  • Severe physical health problems can lead to mental health issues.
• What is a pathogen?


  A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease.
• Why do people with immune system problems have an increased chance of communicable diseases?


  Because their body is less likely to defend itself against pathogens.
• How can certain viruses trigger cancer?


  Infection by certain viruses can lead to long-term infections that increase cancer risk.
• What is an example of a virus that can lead to liver cancer?


  Hepatitis virus.
• What virus is associated with cervical cancer?

  Human papilloma virus (HPV).
• How can immune system reactions affect asthma sufferers?


  They can trigger allergic reactions or worsen asthma symptoms.
• How can severe physical health problems impact mental health?


  They can trigger mental health issues like depression.
• What factors other than diseases can affect health?


  • A good, balanced diet
  • Levels of stress
  • Life situation and access to healthcare
• How does a poor diet affect health?


  A poor diet can affect both physical and mental health.
• What can constant stress lead to?


  Constant stress can lead to health issues.
• Why is access to medicines important for health?


  Access to medicines can treat illnesses and prevent health issues.
• What are the terms that students should understand for the exam regarding diseases?

  Communicable and non-communicable diseases.
• Why is influenza classified as a communicable disease?


  Because it can spread from person to person.