Plant cell organisation

• What is the function of the waxy cuticle in plants?


  It reduces water loss.
• What are the main layers of a leaf?

  Upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis.
• What is the role of stomata in plants?


  They allow CO2 to diffuse in and water vapor to escape.
• What is required for photosynthesis to occur?


  CO2 and water are required for sugar production.
• What is the function of xylem in plants?


  Xylem transports water from the roots to the leaves.
• How do guard cells regulate the opening of stomata?


  They become turgid when the plant has enough water, allowing stomata to open.
• What happens to guard cells when a plant loses water?


  Guard cells become flaccid, closing the stomata to conserve water vapor.
• When are stomata typically closed in plants?


  Stomata are sensitive to light and close at night.
• What is the process of photosynthesis in plants?


  • Light absorption by chlorophyll
  • CO2 and water are used to produce glucose
  • Oxygen is released as a byproduct
• Where is meristem tissue found in plants?


  At the growing tips of shoots and roots.
• What is the role of meristem tissue in plants?


  It differentiates into other types of cells, allowing the plant to grow.
• What is the function of the waxy cuticle in the epidermal tissue of leaves?


  To reduce water loss
• Why are the cells in the upper layer of the epidermal tissue transparent?


  To let light through for photosynthesis
• Where does most photosynthesis occur in a plant leaf?


  In the palisade mesophyll tissue
• What is the significance of having many chloroplasts in the palisade mesophyll tissue?


  It allows for efficient photosynthesis
• What is the role of spongy mesophyll tissue in leaves?


  To allow the diffusion of gases
• How do air spaces in spongy mesophyll tissue facilitate gas exchange?


  They allow gases to diffuse throughout the leaf
• What are leaves classified as in the context of plant structure?

  Organs
• What do leaves, roots, and stems collectively form in a plant?

  An organ system that transports substances
• What are the two types of vascular tissues mentioned in the study material?

  Xylem and phloem
• What is the function of xylem in plants?


  To transport water and minerals
• What is the function of phloem in plants?


  To transport sugars and nutrients
• Where is meristem tissue found in plants?


  At the growing tips of shoots and roots
• Why can the cells in meristem tissue differentiate into many types of cells?


  To allow the plant to grow
• What are the six types of plant tissues mentioned in the study material?

  1. Epidermal tissue
  2. Palisade mesophyll tissue
  3. Spongy mesophyll tissue
  4. Xylem
  5. Phloem
  6. Meristem tissue
• What are the main organs of a plant?

  Roots, stems, and leaves
• How do plant organs work together?


  They form organ systems that perform tasks necessary for survival and growth
• What is epidermal tissue in plants?


  It covers the whole plant
• Where does most photosynthesis occur in a leaf?


  In the palisade mesophyll
• What is the function of spongy mesophyll in leaves?


  It contains big air spaces
• What do xylem and phloem do in plants?


  They transport water, mineral ions, and food around the plant
• Where is meristem tissue found in plants?


  At the growing tips of shoots and roots
• What is the significance of meristem tissue?


  It can differentiate into various types of plant cells
• What tissues make up a leaf?

  Epidermal, mesophyll, xylem, and phloem tissues
• How does the waxy cuticle benefit the plant?


  It helps to reduce water loss by evaporation
• Why is the upper epidermis of a leaf transparent?


  To allow light to pass through to the palisade layer
• What is the role of chloroplasts in the palisade layer?


  They are where photosynthesis takes place
• Why are chloroplasts located near the top of the leaf?


  To maximize light absorption
• What is the function of vascular bundles in a leaf?


  To deliver water and nutrients and support the leaf structure
• What do stomata do in the spongy mesophyll?


  They allow CO2 to diffuse directly into the leaf