Rivers

• the source of a river is where it starts
• the mouth of a river is where it ends
• the mouth is the widest part
• the source is usually the smallest part
• the source is in the upper part of a river and is in the highland
• the mouth is in the lowland in the lower part of a river
• the lowland is the flattest land
• the highland is the steepest land
• the hydrological cycle is also known as the water cycle
• the smaller parts of a river are called tributaries
• infiltration is when water goes through permeable surfaces
• percolation is when the water travels to the deepest part of the ground
• water leaves a river by traveling to the sea
• the 3 types of weathering are mechanical, chemical and biological
• mechanical weathering an also be called physical weathering
• mechanical/physical


  causes rock to break down without any chemical changes, results in scree.
• chemical


  where a chemical change occurs
• biological

  involves the actions of flora and fauna
• scree


  bits of rock that fall off
• physical/mechanical


  freeze-thaw weathering
• chemical

  acid rain
• chemical

  carbonation
• biological

  plants grow in rocks and crack them
• biological

  animals borrow into rocks, breaking them down
• there are two types of mass movement: slumping and sliding
• mass movement is a type of erosion where material is transported downwards by the force of gravity
• mass movement is a process affecting river landscapes
• the three jobs of a river is erosion, deposition and transportation
• transportation


  suspension, saltation,traction, solution
• erosion

  attrition, solution, hydraulic action, abrasion
• deposition

  reduction in speed, obstruction, reduction in discharge
• hydraulic action

  the force of the water breaks the rock overtime
• solution

  river water dissolves some types of rock
• abrasion

  eroded material that is picked up by the river, scrapes and rubs the river channel
• attrition

  eroded rocks smash into eachother and break down more
• saltation

  pebbles are bounced along the riverbed
• traction

  boulders are rolled along the riverbed by the force of water
• Suspension

  small particles break off bigger rocks and are carried along by the water
• Solution

  the transportation of dissolved rocks
• obstructions are things that block the river e.g trees,dams