DNA,mitosis and meiosis

Cards (28)

  • what is the division of a cell called?
    Mitosis
  • is mitosis gentetically same or different?

    genetically the same
  • is meiosis genetically the same or different?

    genetically different
  • what is meiosis for?

    to produce gametes
  • what is mitosis for?

    for growth
  • what are gametes?

    sperm or egg cells
  • what are haploids?
    half a chromosome
  • what is a chromosome?

    long coils of DNA that carries genetic information
    and can be for different sections of different genes
  • what is DNA?

    DNA is a set of instructions for what protein the cell should produce
  • what is a genome?

    the entire dna
  • what is a gene?

    a section of DNA for a specific protein
  • what are alleles?

    different forms of the same genes
  • how many cells does mitosis produce?

    2
  • how many cells does meiosis produce?

    4
  • how many chromosomes does mitosis produce?

    2 diploid cells
  • how many chromosomes does meiosis produce?

    4 haploid cells
  • what is a diploid?

    a full amount of chromosomes
  • what is a
    polynucleotide?

    many nucleotides
  • describe the structure of DNA
    a double helix shape with four bases, A is complementary to T, and C is complementary to G and in between, there are hydrogen bonds
  • what is in a nucleotide?

    Phosphate+sugar+base
  • describe the practical for extracting DNA from fruit

    peel the skin for a fruit and blend it
    add this solution to the Kiwi
    filter the solution with a filter paper and put it in a test tube
    add 10ml of pineapple juice for 5 mins
    add ethanol and leave for 10min
    then you should see white precipitate on the top which is DNA of the kiwi
    pinapple juice is used because it contains bromine which breaks down the cell so you can see the dna clearly
    if the fruit is a pale colour it would be difficult to see the dna
    alchol disturbes the cell memebranes so you can see the dna
  • what is the genotype and phenotype?

    genotype is the gene itself, and phenotype is what you see multiple genes for coding
  • explain heterozygous and homozygous
    heterozygous is when one allele is different to the other and homozygous is when it's the same from the parents
  • what are dominant and recessive alleles?

    dominant alleles are expressed and recessive doesn't show. Dominant is expressed as a capital letter and recessive is a lowercase letter
  • what is a zygote?

    a diploid cell before fertilisation
  • explain monohybrid inheritance
    inheritance of a single gene
  • what is an offspring?

    a fertilised egg
  • stages of the cell cycle
    interphase,prophase,metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis