MODULE 5

• An INTERPERSONAL PROCESS because of the interaction between the two or more individuals who have a common goal.
• HILDEGARD PEPLAU

  The Nurse and Patient work together so both become mature and knowledgeable in the care process.
• 4 SEQUENTIAL PHASE

  1. orientation
  2. identification
  3. exploration
  4. resolution
• Problem defining phase.

  Starts when client meets nurse as stranger

  orientation phase
• This phase is the DEVELOPMENT OF A NURSING CARE PLAN based on the patient's situation and goals.

  orientation phase
• Use of professional assistance for problem solving alternatives based on the NEEDS AND INTERESTS OF THE PATIENTS.

  exploitation phase
• Termination of professional relationship.

  The patient's needs have already been met by the collaborative effect of patient and nurse.

  resolution phase
• Resource Person – one who provides a specific needed information that aids in the understanding of a problem or new situation.
• Counselor – helps recognize, face, accept and resolve problems.
• role of nurse

  1. leader
  2. surrogate
  3. technical expert
• Leader – initiates and maintains group goals through interaction.
• Surrogate – take the place of another.
• Technical Expert – provides physical care using clinical skills.
• person; hildegard peplau


  A developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs.
• environment; hildegard peplau


  Existing forces outside the organism and in the context of culture.
• health; hildegard peplau


  A word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human princesses in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal and community living.
• nursing; hildegard peplau


  A significant therapeutic interpersonal process. It functions cooperatively with other human processes that make health possible for individuals in communities.
• Jean Watson's theory is on "Mind-Body-Spirit Approach" to healing.
• The foundation of Jean Watson’s theory of nursing was published in 1979 in nursing: “The philosophy and science of caring”
• Watson believes that the main focus in nursing is on carative factors. She believes that for nurses to develop humanistic philosophies and value systems, a strong liberal arts background is necessary.
• jean watson

  This goal is attainable through transpersonal caring guided by the CARATIVE FACTORS and corresponding CARITAS PROCESSES.
• jean watson - 10 primary carative factors and 10 caritas processes
• Relationships are the foundation of the work.

  transpersonal caring
• Conveys a concern for the inner life world.

  transpersonal
• Relationships move beyond ego-self and radiate to spiritual, even cosmic concerns and connections that tap into healing possibilities and potentials.

  transpersonal caring
• Occurs whenever the nurse and another come together, beyond ego, with their unique life histories and phenomenal fields in a human-to-human connection.


  caring moment
• A heart-centered loving energetic field; a turning point.

  A call to higher/deeper consciousness, intentionality.

  transpersonal caring moment
• Within the MODEL OF TRANSPERSONAL CARING, clinical caritas consciousness is engaged at a foundational ethical level for entry into this framework.
• person; Jean watson


  A valued person in and of him or herself to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted; in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. He, human, is viewed as greater than and different from, the sum of his or her parts.
• health; jean watson


  Watson believes that there are other factors that are needed to be included in the WHO definition of health. She adds the following three elements:

  A high level of overall physical, mental and social functioning.

  A general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning.

  The absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that leads its absence)
• environment; jean watson


  According to Watson, caring (and nursing) has existed in every society. A caring attitude is not transmitted from generation to generation. It is transmitted by the culture of the profession as a unique way of coping with its environment.
• nursing; jean watson


  She defines nursing as “A human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical human transactions”.
• imogen king

  Nursing focus is the care of human being
• imogen king

  Nursing goal is the health care of individuals and groups
• conceptual framework

  Each system defines HUMAN BEINGS as the basic elements in the system thus the unit of analysis in frameworks was human behavior in a variety of social environments.
• personal system - the individual
• interpersonal system - individuals interacting with one another
• social system - groups of people in a community/society sharing common goals, interests and values
• UNDERSTANDING the interpersonal requires the concepts of: 

  • Interaction 
  • Communication
  • Transaction
  • Role
  • Stress
• A more comprehensive interacting system consists of groups that make up society.

  concepts for social system