module 3

• Europeans gained and discovered some products that were not available in their home country after their Crusade.
• Porcelain, silk, incense, herbs, perfumes, fabrics, carpets and spices.
• Spices became the most expensive and in-demand commodity among Europeans because of its numerous benefits.
• In the ancient times, most merchants used the Arabian-Italian route or Silk Road to reach Europe to Asia and vice versa. Both routes were expensive and oftentimes disrupted by wars, natural calamities and bandits.
• Europeans experienced more difficulty in trading goods when the route was closed due to the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of Constantinople (now Turkey) in 1453.
• Portuguese monarch, Prince Henry the Navigator decided to put up a maritime school to train sailors who would later discover an eastern sea route going to the Spice Islands and other islands in Southeast Asia via Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
• The marriage of Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 coupled with the victory of the Catholic Monarchs over the Moors in the Battle of Granada which resulted in the rise of Spain as a world power.
• isabella and ferdinand II

  They financed the trans-Atlantic voyages of Christopher Columbus (1492-1502) which resulted in the discovery of the territories on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean.
• ferdinand magellan

  Fernão de Magalhães (Portuguese)
• ferdinand magellan

  Fernando Magallanes (Spanish)
• ferdinand magellan

  Born around 1480 of Pedro de Magalhães and Alda de Mezquita
• ferdinand magellan

  
  

  Started as his naval career at the age of 25; successfully sailed to reach the Spice Islands together with Francisco Serrão and then baptized his native slave Enrique de Malacca.
• The Magellan-Elcano exploration left the Port of Sanlucar de Barrameda in Seville with around 270 men of different nationalities


  august 20, 1519
• september 7, 1522


  Juan Sebastian Elcano and 17 survivors arrived in Spain aboard the ship Victoria. One of them was Antonio Pigafetta, the official chronicler and assistant who kept a journal of their exploration.
• Born around 1490 in Vicenza, Venice, Italy of Giovanni Pigafetta to his second wife Angela Zoga. 


  antonio pigafetta
• He studied astronomy, geography and cartography and worked in the ships owned by the Knights of Rhodes.

  antonio pigafetta
• His biographers described him as “a well-educated young man possessing an avid curiosity of the world around him.”


  antonio pigafetta
• pigafetta

  He joined the delegation of Msgr. Francesco Chieregati when the latter was assigned as Papal Nuncio to Spain in 1519.
• antonio pigafetta

  He was among the 18 survivors who returned to Spain on Sept 6, 1522 aboard Victoria with Juan Sebastian Elcano.
• In his later life, he joined the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem in its battle against the Turks. 


  pigafetta
• He died sometime in 1534.


  antonio pigafetta
• His journal is a detailed account of what happened to them from the time they left Seville in 1519 until they returned to Spain three years after.
• In 1536, Jacques Fabre published a condensed version of Pigafetta’s manuscript in Venice.