customs of the tagalogs

• customs of the tagalogs (1598)


  During the 1st century of Spanish rule, the colonial government had difficulty in running local politics because of the limited number of Spaniards who wanted to live outside Intramuros.
• This situation forced the Spaniards to allow Filipinos to hold the position of Gobernadorcillo (Little Governor)
• To ensure that the Gobernadorcillos would remain loyal to the Crown, the friars were assigned in the local parishes.
• Miguel de Loarca (1582) Relación de las Islas Filipinas
• Lt. Governor Antonio de Morga (1609) Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
• Fr. Pedro Chirino, SJ (1604) Relación de las Islas Filipinas
• Fr. Juan Delgado, SJ (1751) Historia General
• Fr. Francisco Colin, SJ (1663) Labor Evangelica
• Fr. Francisco Ignacio Alcina, SJ (1668) Historia Natural del Sitio, Fertilidad y Calidad de las Islas e Indios de Bisayas
• Born Joan de Portocarrero, was a member of the Franciscan Order who came together with the first batch of missionaries to the Philippines in 1578. 


  fray juan de plasencia
• He wrote Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Española y Tagala which became the first printed book in the Philippines in 1593.

  fray juan de plasencia
• He died on 1590 in Liliw, Laguna


  fray juan de plasencia
• The original document is currently kept in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain.

  relacion de las costumbres de los tagalogs
• Chief, captain of wars, who governed, obeyed and reverenced.

  datu
• Free-born, they do not pay taxes.

  nobles or maharlika
• They live in their own houses and lords of their property and gold

  commoners or aliping namamahay
• They serve their master in his house and his cultivated lands and can be sold.

  slaves or alipin sa guiguilid
• old houses are Made of wood, bamboo, and nipa palm
• modes of dressing:

  male - Headgear is called Putong (symbolized the number of persons the wearer had killed).

  (Upper) a jacket with short sleeves called kanggan.

  (Lower) bahag
• modes of dressing:

  female - (Upper) Baro or Camisa

  (Lower) Saya
• A decorative object or detail that adds quality or distinction to a person, place, or thing.

  ornaments
• The unit of government is called Barangay ruled by a chieftain, and consists of 30 to 100 families together with their relatives and slaves.
• The chieftain’s executive function includes implementing laws, ensuring order and giving protection to his subjects
• Disputes between individuals were settled by a court made up of the chieftain and council of elders.
• inheritance

  The 1st son of the barangay chieftain inherits his father’s position; if the 1st son dies, the 2nd son succeeds their father, in the absence of male heirs, it is the eldest daughter that becomes the chieftain.
• Men were in general, monogamous; while their wives are called Asawa
• Courtship begins with Paninilbihan
• Prior to marriage, the man requires to give a dowry: (1) Bigay-kaya (a piece of land or gold); (2) Panghihimuyat (a gift for the bride's parents); (3) Bigay-suyo (for bride’s wet nurse).
• Marriage between couples belonging to different social classes was not common
• Several grounds of divorce are: (1) Adultery, (2) Abandonment on the part of the husband, (3) Cruelty, and (4) Insanity.
• Bathala - supreme being
• Idayanale - god of agriculture
• Sidarapa - god of death
• Agni - god of fire
• Balangaw - god of rainbow
• Mandarangan - god of war
• Lalahon - god of harvest
• Siginarugan - god of hell
• Major languages: tagalog, ilocano, pangasinan, pangpangan, sugbuhanon, hiligaynon, magindanaw and samarnon. These languages is originated from malayo-polenesian language.
• 
  

  System of writing: the alphabets consisted of 3 vowels and 14 consonants called baybayin.

  They used tap trees as ink and pointed sticks as pencil.