B3

• Levels of organisation


  Organelles

  Cells

  Tissues

  Organ

  Organ System

  Organism
• What are the different levels of organization within a multicellular organism like a human?

  Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms
• What are organelles also called?


  Subcellular structures
• What are some examples of organelles?


  Nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria
• What is the role of individual organelles?


  Each organelle has a specific role to play
• What do multiple organelles combine to form?


  A single cell
• What do we call different types of cells that have specialized functions?


  Specialized cells
• Name three types of specialized cells.

  Epithelial cells, muscle cells, and glandular cells
• How can we describe tissues?


  A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
• What type of tissue is formed by lots of epithelial cells?


  Epithelial tissue
• What is the function of epithelial tissue?


  To cover the body's surfaces
• What type of tissue is formed by many muscle cells?

  Muscle tissue
• What is the role of muscle tissue?


  To contract and relax to move different parts of the body
• What type of tissue is formed by lots of glandular cells?


  Glandular tissue
• What is the role of glandular tissue?


  To make and secrete chemicals like enzymes and hormones
• How is an organ defined?


  A group of different tissues that work together to perform a particular function
• What tissues might work together to form the stomach?

  Epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, and glandular tissue
• What is the function of the stomach?


  To kill microorganisms and break down proteins
• What is an organ system?


  A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function
• What organs form the digestive system?


  The stomach, pancreas, and liver, along with other organs
• What is the role of the digestive system?


  To digest food and absorb nutrients
• Name two other organ systems besides the digestive system.

  The cardiovascular system and the reproductive system
• What is the highest level of organization in a multicellular organism?


  The whole organism
• How many different organ systems are there approximately?


  About 12
• Name three other organs besides the stomach.


  Skin, teeth, and lungs
• What are some examples of other organ systems?

  The immune system, nervous system, respiratory system, endocrine system, and urinary system
• What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism?


  • Organelles
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Organ systems
  • Organism
• How do tissues and organs differ in their definitions?

  • Tissues: Group of similar cells working together
  • Organs: Group of different tissues working together
• What are the functions of epithelial, muscle, and glandular tissues?


  • Epithelial: Covers body surfaces
  • Muscle: Contracts and relaxes for movement
  • Glandular: Makes and secretes chemicals
• What is the role of the digestive system?


  • Digests food
  • Absorbs nutrients
• What are carbohydrates made from?


  Atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• What is the simplest form of carbohydrates?


  Simple sugars
• What are examples of simple sugars?

  Glucose and fructose
• What do we call simple sugars in carbohydrates?

  Monomers
• What are carbohydrate polymers formed from?


  Carbohydrate monomers joining together
• What are examples of carbohydrate polymers?


  Glycogen and starch
• What happens in a complex carbohydrate?


  There are chemical bonds between the monomers
• What occurs when the chemical bonds in a complex carbohydrate are broken?


  The complex carbohydrate can be broken down into simple carbohydrates
• What is an example of a complex carbohydrate being broken down?


  Starch can be broken down into glucose molecules
• What is the process of breaking down complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates called?


  Enzymatic breakdown