Ionic compounds

• What is formed when a metal element reacts with a non-metal element?

  An ionic compound
• What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

  A giant lattice structure
• Why is a lot of energy needed in ionic compounds?

  To overcome the strong ionic bonds
• What is an ion?

  An electrically charged particle formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons
• What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

  An atom
• What causes a charge in matter?

  A property of matter that causes a force when near another charge
• What are the two forms of charge?

  Positive and negative
• What happens to metal atoms when they form ions?

  They lose electrons to form positively charged ions
• What do non-metal atoms do when they form ions?

  They gain electrons to form negatively charged ions
• What is the charge of a proton?

  +1
• How do metal atoms achieve full outer shells?

  By losing electrons
• How do non-metal atoms achieve full outer shells?

  By gaining electrons
• What is the relationship between group number and the number of electrons lost by metal atoms?

  The number of electrons lost is the same as the group number
• How can the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an ion be calculated?

  From its atomic number, mass number, and ionic charge
• What happens to the number of electrons in positive ions?

  They have lost electrons
• What happens to the number of electrons in negative ions?

  They have gained electrons
• What are the key concepts related to forming ions?

  • Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
  • Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions.
  • Non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions.
• What are the properties of ions and their charges based on group numbers?

  • Group 1: Lose 1 electron (e.g., Na+)
  • Group 2: Lose 2 electrons (e.g., Mg2+)
  • Group 3: Lose 3 electrons (e.g., Al3+)
  • Group 6: Gain 2 electrons (e.g., O2-)
  • Group 7: Gain 1 electron (e.g., Cl-)
• How do you calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an ion?

  • Protons = Atomic number
  • Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number
  • Electrons = Protons - Ionic charge
• What is formed when a metal element reacts with a non-metal element?

  An ionic compound
• What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

  A giant lattice structure
• Why is a lot of energy needed to overcome ionic bonds?

  Because of the strong ionic bonds in the lattice structure
• What are ions?

  Electrically charged particles formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons
• What are positively charged ions called?

  Cations
• What are negatively charged ions called?

  Anions
• How are cations formed?

  By losing electrons
• How are anions formed?

  By gaining electrons
• What happens when a metal reacts with a non-metal?

  Electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal
• What is ionic bonding?

  It forms between two atoms when an electron is transferred from one atom to the other
• What do dot and cross diagrams represent?

  The transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms
• What occurs when sodium reacts with chlorine in terms of electron transfer?

  The outer electron from a sodium atom transfers to the outer shell of a chlorine atom
• What are the properties of ionic compounds?

  • High melting and boiling points
  • Conduct electricity when dissolved in water
  • Form crystalline structures
• What is the significance of the ionic lattice structure?

  • Provides stability to ionic compounds
  • Strong attractions between oppositely charged ions
  • Requires significant energy to break the bonds
• What is formed when a metal element reacts with a non-metal element?

  An ionic compound
• What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

  A giant lattice structure
• Why is a lot of energy needed to overcome ionic bonds?

  Because they are strong ionic bonds
• What is the ionic lattice?

  • A regular arrangement of ions
  • Formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions
  • Creates a repeating pattern
• What is an ion?

  An electrically charged particle formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons
• How is an ionic compound formed?

  When a negative ion joins with a positive ion
• What is the charge of a negative ion?

  It has gained an electron