Respiration

• What is the primary source of energy for the body?

  Food
• How is energy transferred in the body?

  Through respiration
• What is respiration NOT defined as?


  Breathing in and out
• What does respiration involve?


  Many important reactions
• Why are the reactions involved in respiration important?


  They transfer the energy that cells need for living processes
• What is the process of respiration primarily about?


  Transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose
• Where does respiration occur?


  In every cell of the body
• Do plants also undergo respiration?


  Yes, all living things respire
• What is the definition of respiration?


  The process of transferring energy from glucose
• What type of reaction is respiration classified as?


  Exothermic
• What does respiration do with energy?


  Transfers energy to the environment
• What are three examples of how organisms use energy transferred by respiration?


  • To build larger molecules from smaller ones (e.g., proteins from amino acids)
  • To allow muscles to contract for movement
  • To maintain body temperature in mammals and birds
• How do mammals and birds use energy from respiration differently than other animals?


  They keep their body temperature steady in colder surroundings
• What is respiration?


  It is the process of transferring energy from glucose.
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction.
• Where does respiration occur?


  It goes on continuously in living cells.
• What is the energy transferred from respiration used for?


  It is used for all living processes.
• What are three examples of processes that use energy transferred from respiration?


  1. To contract muscles for movement.
  2. To keep warm (in mammals and birds).
  3. To build up larger molecules from smaller ones.
• What is aerobic respiration?


  It is respiration using oxygen.
• Why is aerobic respiration considered the most efficient type of respiration?


  Because it fully oxidizes glucose.
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?


  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration using chemical formulas.


  $C_6H_{12}O_6 +$$6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 +$$6H_2O$
• What is anaerobic respiration?


  It is respiration without oxygen.
• How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration in terms of energy transfer?


  It transfers much less energy than aerobic respiration.
• Why does anaerobic respiration transfer less energy?


  Because glucose isn’t fully oxidized.
• What is the product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?


  Lactic acid.
• What are the products of anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?


  Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• What is fermentation in the context of anaerobic respiration?


  It is the process in yeast cells during anaerobic respiration.
• What are the applications of fermentation in everyday life?


  • Used to make bread.
  • Used to produce alcoholic drinks.
• What is the overall topic of the study material?

  Bioenergetics.
• What is the primary source of energy for cellular respiration?


  Glucose
• What is the process by which glucose is made by plants?

  Photosynthesis
• What type of reaction is cellular respiration?


  Exothermic reaction
• Where does cellular respiration continuously occur?


  In living cells
• How do organisms utilize energy from cellular respiration?


  • Build larger molecules from smaller ones (e.g., combining amino acids to form proteins)
  • Muscle contraction for movement
  • Maintaining body temperature in mammals and birds
• What is one way organisms use energy from cellular respiration to maintain their body temperature?


  By keeping warm in mammals and birds
• How do organisms use energy to build proteins?

  By combining amino acids
• What are the three main uses of energy derived from cellular respiration in organisms?


  Building larger molecules, muscle contraction, and maintaining body temperature
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• What is aerobic respiration?


  Aerobic respiration is respiration using oxygen.