Group 1 Elements

• What are Group I elements commonly known as?


  Alkali metals
• Why are Group I elements considered reactive?


  They have one electron in their outer shell, making them reactive.
• What characteristic do all alkali metals share regarding their outer shell electrons?


  They all have one electron in their outer shell.
• What physical properties do alkali metals exhibit?


  They are soft and have low density.
• What are the trends observed in alkali metals as you go down Group I?


  • Increasing reactivity
  • Lower melting and boiling points
  • Higher relative atomic mass
• Why does reactivity increase as you go down Group I elements?


  The outer electron is more easily lost due to decreased attraction between the nucleus and electron.
• What happens to the melting and boiling points of alkali metals as you go down the group?


  They lower.
• How does the relative atomic mass change as you go down Group I?


  It increases.
• How do alkali metals form ions?


  They lose their one outer electron to achieve a full outer shell.
• What type of compounds do alkali metals form with non-metals?


  Ionic compounds.
• What is a characteristic of the ionic compounds formed by alkali metals?


  They are generally white solids that dissolve in water to form colourless solutions.
• Why do alkali metals only react to form ionic compounds?


  Because it is easy for them to lose their outer electron.
• What happens when Group I elements react with water?


  • They react vigorously.
  • They produce hydrogen gas.
  • They form alkaline hydroxides.
• What are the elements in Group 1 called?


  Alkali metals
• What happens to reactivity as you go down Group 1?


  Reactivity increases
• How do melting and boiling points change as you go down Group 1?


  Melting and boiling points decrease
• What happens to relative atomic mass as you go down Group 1?


  Relative atomic mass increases
• Name the first five alkali metals in order.


  Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
• What are the general properties of alkali metals?


  • Less dense and soft\n- More reactive\n- Lower melting and boiling points than other metals
• Why do alkali metals react easily?


  They have 1 electron in their outer shell, requiring less energy to lose it
• What type of compounds do alkali metals form when they react with substances?


  They form ionic compounds
• How does the vigor of reactions with substances change as reactivity increases?


  Reactions become more vigorous or explosive
• What is the general reaction of alkali metals with water?


  • Metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
  • Example: Lithium + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
  • Reaction: \(2Li + 2H_2O → 2LiOH + H_2\)
• What is the general reaction of alkali metals with halogens?


  • Metal + halogen → salt
  • Example: Sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride
  • Reaction: \(2Na + Cl_2 → 2NaCl\)
• What is the general reaction of alkali metals with oxygen?


  • Metal + oxygen → metal oxide
  • Example: Sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide
  • Reaction: \(4Na + O_2 → 2Na_2O\)
• What are Group 1 elements commonly known as?


  Alkali metals
• Why are Group 1 elements considered reactive?


  They have one electron in their outer shell, making them very reactive.
• What are the alkali metals in Group 1?


  • Lithium
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Rubidium
  • Caesium
  • Francium
• What characteristic do all alkali metals share regarding their outer shell?


  They all have one electron in their outer shell.
• What are the properties of alkali metals in Group 1?


  • Soft metals
  • Low density
  • Increasing reactivity down the group
  • Lower melting and boiling points
  • Higher relative atomic mass
• How does the reactivity of alkali metals change down the group?


  Reactivity increases as the outer electron is more easily lost.
• What happens to the melting and boiling points of alkali metals as you move down the group?


  They have lower melting and boiling points.
• What is the significance of the outer electron in alkali metals?


  The outer electron is easily lost, allowing them to form ions.
• What type of compounds do alkali metals form with non-metals?


  Ionic compounds
• Why do alkali metals readily form ions?


  They don't need much energy to lose their one outer electron.
• What is a characteristic of the ionic compounds formed by alkali metals?


  They are generally white solids that dissolve in water to form colourless solutions.
• What happens when Group 1 metals react with water?


  They react vigorously, producing hydrogen gas and hydroxides.