Cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic /animal and plant )

• what do plants and animals have in common?

  Plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
• what is the difference between an animal cell and a bacterial cell?

  Bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells) are much smaller in comparison. They have cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. It is a single DNA loop and there may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
• • Cells of animals, plants and fungi are called eukaryotic cells.
• Cells of bacteria are called prokaryotic cells.


  This is because they are single-celled organisms
• Most animal cells have the following parts:

  • a nucleus

  • cytoplasm

  • a cell membrane

  • mitochondria

  • ribosomes
• In addition to the parts found in animal cells, plant cells often have:

  • chloroplasts

  • a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap.
• Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose


  which strengthens the cell
• nucleus 


  Control centre of the cell. It contains the cell’s genetic information arranged in chromosomes.
• chromosomes 


  Threadlike structure found in the nucleus and made of DNA which contains the cell's genetic information.
• cytoplasm 


  chemicals reactions take place here
• mitochondria 


  Site of cell respiration.
• cell membrane 


  A selectively permeable boundary surrounding the cell allows some substances to enter and leave the cell while preventing others.
• nuclear membrane 


  surrounds nucleus
• cellulose cell wall 


  A rigid structure outside the cell membrane that provides support.
• Large permanent vacuole


  Contains cell sap and when full pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall, providing support.
• chloroplasts 


  Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps light for photosynthesis.