13 Figures

• Label MID-RED: central nervous system

  Label LIGHT RED: brain, spinal cord

  Label MID-ORANGE: peripheral nervous system

  Label LIGHT ORANGE: all nervous tissue outside the central nervous system

  
• Label: CNS or central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

  
• Label: PNS or peripheral nervous system (nervous tissue outside CNS)

  
• Label left to right: receptors and effector

  
• Label: information processing

  
• Label: sensory information within afferent division

  
• Label: motor commands within efferent division

  
• Label, left to right: somatic nervous system or SNS and autonomic nervous system or ANS

  
• Label left to right: parasympathetic division and sympathetic division

  
• Label: special sensory receptors which monitor smell, taste, vision, balance, and hearing

  
• Label: visceral sensory receptors which monitor cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems

  
• Label: somatic sensory receptors which monitor skeletal muscles, joints, body position, skin surface; provide position sense and touch, pressure, pain, and temperature sensations

  
• Label: skeletal muscle

  
• Label: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue   

  
• Label RED: central nervous system or CNS

  Label ORANGE: peripheral nervous system or PNS

  Label YELLOW: autonomic nervous system or ANS

  
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • Central Nervous System: the brain and spinal cord have control centers that process and integrate sensory information, plan and coordinate responses to stimuli, and control activities of other systems
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • Peripheral Nervous System: efferent and afferent nervous tissue that links the central nervous system with sense organs and other systems
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • Autonomic Nervous System: components of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system that control visceral functions
• Label RED: neural cortex

  Label ORANGE: center

  Label YELLOW: nucleus

  Label GREEN: tract

  Label BLUE: column

  Label PURPLE: ganglion

  Label PINK: nerve

  
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • neural cortex: a layer of gray matter on the surface of the brain
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • center: a group of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system sharing a common function
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • nucleus: a central nervous system center with distinct anatomical boundaries
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • tract: a bundle of axons within the central nervous system sharing a common origin, destination, and function
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • column: a group of tracts found within a specific region of the spinal cord
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • ganglion: an anatomically distinct collection of sensory or motor neuron cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • nerve: a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system
• Label LIGHT RED: neuron

  Label ORANGE: sensory neuron

  Label YELLOW: motor neuron

  Label DARK RED: neuroglia

  
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • Neuron: the basic functional unit of the nervous system; a highly specialized cell; a nerve cell
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • Sensory Neuron: a neuron whose axon carries sensory information from the peripheral nervous system toward the central nervous system
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • Motor Neuron: a neuron whose axon carries motor commands from the central nervous system toward effectors
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • Neuroglia: supporting cells that interact with neurons to regulate the extracellular environment, defend against pathogens, and repair nervous tissue
• Label LIGHT RED: gray matter

  Label DARK RED: white matter

  Label ORANGE: dendrites

  Label YELLOW: cell body

  Label GREEN: myelin

  Label BLUE: axon

  
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • gray matter: nervous tissue dominated by neuron cell bodies
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • white matter: nervous tissue dominated by myelinated axons
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • dendrites: neuronal processes that are specialized to respond to specific stimuli in the extracellular environment
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • cell body: the cell body of a neuron
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • myelin: a membranous wrapping, produced by neuroglia, that coats axons and increases the speed of action potential propagation; axons coated with myelin are myelinated
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • axon: a long, slender cytoplasmic process of a neuron; axons conduct nerve impulses (action potentials)
• Label RED: receptors

  Label ORANGE: effectors

  Label YELLOW: reflexes

  
• Page 341, figure 13.3

  • receptors: a specialized cell, dendrite, or organ that responds to specific stimuli in the extracellular environment and whose stimulation alters the level of activity in a sensory neuron