Non communicable diseases

• Coronary heart disease


  when they become narrowed by the build up of layers of fatty materials within them. this reduces the flow of blood, resulting in less oxygen for the heart muscle, which can lead to heart attacks.
• factors that affect health

  • communicable diseases
  • non-communicable diseases
  • diet
  • stress
  • exercise
  • life situation
• stent


  its is inserted into blocked coronary arteries to keep them open.
• advantages of a stent

  widens the artery and less serious surgery
• disadvantages of a stent

  can involve major surgery and risk from anaesthetic used during the surgery
• statins


  they are drugs that reduce blood cholesterol levels, slowing down the deposit of fatty material in the arteries
• advantages for statins

  effective, no need for surgery and can prevent CHD from developing
• disadvantages for statins

  possible side effects such as muscle pain and it cannot cure CHD, so the patient may have to take the tablets for many years.
• replace faulty heart valves


  heart valves that leak or do not open fully, preventing control of blood flow to the hearts, can be replaced with biological or mechanical valves
• advantages for rhv

  allows the control of blood flow to the heart and long term cure
• disadvantages for rhv

  can involve major surgery and a risk from anaesthetic used during the surgery
• transplants


  if a heart fails a donor heart, or heart and lungs, can be transplanted. artificial hearts can be used to keep patients alive while waiting for a hart transplant, or to allow the heart to rest during recovery
• advantages for transplants

  long term cure and treats problems that cannot be treated in other ways.
• disadvantages for transplant

  it may be rejected if it is not a match, lengthy process, major surgery and risk from anaesthetic during the surgery
• What is a risk factor?

  any aspect of your life style or substance in your body that can increase the risk of a disease developing
• diet


  type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular diseases

  the body does not respond properly to the production of insulin, so blood glucose levels cannot be controlled
• alcohol


  impaired liver function, impaired brain function or affected development of unborn babies.
• smoking


  lung disease and cancers or affected development of unborn babies
• carcinogens


  cancers
• cancer


  rapid division of abnormal cells causing a tumour
• malignant tumours


  they invade neighbouring tissues and spread to other parts of the body in the blood
• benign tumours


  do not spread to the rest of the body