active transport

• What is the definition of active transport?


  Active transport moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against the concentration gradient.
• Why does active transport require energy?


  Because it moves substances against the concentration gradient.
• How does active transport differ from diffusion and osmosis?


  Active transport moves substances against the gradient, while diffusion and osmosis move substances along the gradient.
• What is an example of active transport in plants?


  Mineral ions like nitrates are absorbed from the soil into root hairs.
• Why is the absorption of mineral ions essential for plants?


  It is essential for the plant’s healthy growth.
• What is an example of active transport in animals?


  Sugar molecules like glucose are absorbed from the gut into the blood.
• Why are sugars needed for respiration in cells?

  They are needed to produce energy.
• What are the key processes of transport in cells?

  • Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration; no energy needed.
  • Osmosis: Movement of water from high to low water concentration; no energy needed.
  • Active Transport: Movement from low to high concentration; requires energy.
• What is diffusion?


  Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient.
• Does diffusion require energy?


  No, diffusion does not require energy.
• Give an example of diffusion in the human body.


  Oxygen moving from the air in the lungs into the blood.
• What is osmosis?


  A type of diffusion specifically for water molecules.
• How does water move during osmosis?


  Water moves from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
• Provide an example of osmosis in plants.


  Water moving into plant roots from the soil.
• What are the differences between diffusion, osmosis, and active transport?


  • Diffusion: High to low concentration; no energy needed.
  • Osmosis: High water concentration to low water concentration; no energy needed.
  • Active Transport: Low to high concentration; requires energy.
• What do root hair cells in plants need to move?

  Minerals such as magnesium ions
• Why do plants need mineral ions?

  To function healthily
• What is magnesium ions' role in plants?

  To make chlorophyll
• What are nitrate ions needed for in plants?

  To make amino acids
• Why are amino acids important for plants?

  They are necessary for protein synthesis
• How do food molecules like glucose enter the bloodstream?

  By diffusion across the small intestine wall
• What role does active transport play in glucose absorption?

  It transports glucose into the bloodstream
• When does active transport of glucose occur?

  When blood glucose concentration is higher
• What is the primary use of sugar molecules in animals?

  In respiration to release energy
• What is the relationship between glucose and energy for cells?

  Glucose is used to release energy for cells