Transpiration

• What is transpiration?


  Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of leaves.
• How does the evaporation of water from leaves affect water movement in plants?


  The loss of water from leaves results in the movement of water up the plant in a stream.
• What happens when stomata are open?


  When stomata are open, carbon dioxide enters and water evaporates from the cells of the leaves.
• What controls the opening of stomata?


  The opening of stomata is controlled by guard cells.
• Where does water vapor diffuse after evaporating from leaf cells?


  Water vapor diffuses out through the stomata into the air.
• What is the relationship between water potential and diffusion in leaves?


  Water diffuses from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential.
• What happens to water in the xylem when water is lost from the leaves?


  Evaporation draws water in from the xylem, replacing the lost water.
• What is the xylem?


  The xylem is a stiffened structure through which water and mineral ions travel.
• How do intermolecular forces affect water movement in the xylem?


  Intermolecular forces pull water up in a continuous stream due to cohesion.
• What is lignin's role in the xylem?


  Lignin strengthens the xylem and provides support.
• How does the transpiration stream affect water movement down to the roots?


  The water lost at the leaves is replaced by osmosis into the root hair cells from the soil.
• What is osmosis?


  Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• In the context of osmosis, where is the higher concentration of water in this example?


  The higher concentration of water is in the soil surrounding the root hair cells.
• What is the direction of water movement during osmosis in plants?


  Water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• What is the definition of osmosis in biological terms?


  Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
• What type of membrane does osmosis occur through in root hair cells?


  Osmosis occurs through the partially permeable cell membrane of the root hair cell.
• What are the key processes involved in transpiration and water movement in plants?

  • Transpiration: evaporation of water from leaves
  • Stomata: openings for gas exchange and water loss
  • Xylem: transports water and minerals
  • Osmosis: movement of water from soil to roots
  • Cohesion: intermolecular forces that pull water upward
• What are the implications of transpiration for plant health and water uptake?


  • Maintains nutrient transport
  • Regulates temperature through evaporation
  • Affects water availability in soil
  • Influences plant growth and development
• What is transpiration in plants?

  Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the leaves of plants.
• Why is transpiration useful to plants?


  It allows the transport of water and mineral ions within the plant.
• How does water move into the roots of a plant?

  Water moves into the roots by osmosis.
• What happens to water in the leaves during transpiration?


  Water in the leaves is evaporated into the air surrounding the plant.
• Why is it important for plants to transport water to the leaves?

  Water is used for photosynthesis in the leaves.
• What structure in plants transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and leaves?


  The xylem transports water and mineral ions.
• How does photosynthesis utilize water and carbon dioxide?


  Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose.
• What do plants produce during photosynthesis?


  Plants produce glucose during photosynthesis.
• What happens to a plant that is not watered for some time?


  The plant will appear wilted and not standing tall.
• How do guard cells function in relation to water availability?

  Guard cells open and close the stomata based on water availability.
• What happens to plant cells when they have enough water?


  When cells have enough water, they become firm and turgid.
• What is the role of mineral ions in plants?


  Mineral ions are used for the production of proteins and essential molecules.
• What mineral ion is specifically mentioned as being used to form amino acids?


  Nitrates are used to form amino acids.
• How are mineral ions transported in plants?

  Mineral ions are transported in the xylem.
• What are the key processes involved in transpiration and its significance to plants?

  • Transpiration is the evaporation of water from leaves.
  • It allows transport of water and minerals.
  • Water moves into roots by osmosis.
  • Water is used for photosynthesis in leaves.
  • Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.
  • Mineral ions are essential for protein production.
• What happens to plant cells when they lack water?

  • Cells become flaccid and soft.
  • Plants appear wilted and lack support.
  • Guard cells close stomata to conserve water.
• What are the roles of guard cells in plants?


  • Open and close stomata.
  • Regulate gas exchange.
  • Respond to water availability.