Period 3 - 1754 - 1800

• Who were the main opposing forces in the Seven Years' War?


  British vs French and Indians
• How was the French and Indian War related to the larger conflict known as the Seven Years' War?


  The French and Indian War was a smaller conflict in America within the global Seven Years' War.
• What caused the French and Indian War to begin in 1754?


  Territorial disputes in the Ohio River Valley.
• Why were British American colonists encroaching on territory in the Ohio River Valley?


  They were seeking to expand their settlements into claimed French territory.
• Who was George Washington in the context of the French and Indian War?


  He was a lieutenant colonel in the Virginia militia.
• What was George Washington's mission regarding the French in the Ohio River Valley?


  He was sent to warn the French about encroaching on British territory.
• What happened when Washington warned the French commander?


  The French commander rebuffed him.
• What was the outcome of Washington's surprise attack on Fort Duquesne?


  Washington initially regained control of the fort, but the French took it back again.
• What was the purpose of the Albany Congress?


  To discuss a more organized colonial response to defense, trade, and westward expansion.
• Who did the Albany Congress invite to discuss potential alliances?


  Delegates from the Iroquois Confederacy.
• What was the Albany Plan of Union proposed by Ben Franklin?


  It was a plan for the colonies to establish a council of representatives.
• Why was the Albany Plan of Union rejected?


  It was rejected due to concerns over taxation.
• What was the significance of the Albany Plan of Union despite its rejection?


  It laid the foundation for the Continental Congress.
• When did the Seven Years' War officially begin?


  The war began in 1756.
• What was the initial advantage in the Seven Years' War during 1756?


  The French took the lead in the conflict.
• What unpopular policies did the British enact during the French and Indian War?


  Impressment and troop quartering.
• Why was King George concerned during the French and Indian War?


  He was worried about the cost of the war.
• When did the French and Indian War end and what treaty was signed?


  The war ended in 1763 with the signing of the Peace of Paris.
• What were the territorial outcomes of the Peace of Paris?


  Spain ceded Florida to the British, and the French were exiled from North America.
• What land was given to the British after the French and Indian War?


  Land east of the Mississippi, including the Ohio River Valley.
• What were the two main consequences of the French and Indian War?


  • Available land in the Ohio River Valley pushed British American colonists westward, intensifying conflicts with natives.
  • The war was expensive, doubling British national debt and leading to increased taxes on American colonies.
• How did the available land in the Ohio River Valley affect British American colonists?


  It pushed them westward, intensifying conflicts with Native Americans.
• Who led raids against British military forts after the French and Indian War?


  Native American leader Pontiac.
• What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?


  It forbade colonists from migrating west past the Appalachian Mountains.
• How did American colonists respond to the Proclamation Line of 1763?


  They ignored it, believing they deserved the spoils of war.
• What financial impact did the French and Indian War have on Britain?


  The war doubled British national debt and increased the cost of running the colonies.
• What action did Britain take in response to the increased costs from the French and Indian War?


  They raised taxes on American colonies.
• What does "taxation without representation" refer to?


  Imposing taxes on colonists who had no representatives in Parliament
• Who was the British Prime Minister that created the three-point plan to control the colonies?


  George Grenville
• What were the components of George Grenville's three-point plan?


  1. Stricter enforcement of existing laws like Navigation Acts
  2. Extend wartime provisions into peacetime
  3. Quartering Act of 1756
• What did the Quartering Act of 1756 require from colonists?


  Colonists had to provide food and housing for British soldiers
• What was the purpose of the Sugar Act?


  To impose taxes on luxury items and enforce existing taxes on molasses
• What did the Stamp Act tax?


  All paper items produced in the colonies
• What was the Currency Act?


  It prohibited colonists from printing their own currency
• Why were rising taxes particularly problematic for Americans during this period?


  Because they were experiencing declining wages and rising unemployment
• What was the colonial debate surrounding taxation without representation?


  Whether it was right to impose taxes on colonists without their representation in Parliament
• What concept from the Enlightenment influenced the debate over taxation?


  Natural rights
• How did the British justify their taxation of the colonies?


  By claiming colonists had virtual representation in Parliament
• Who were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?


  • Groups that retaliated against unfair British laws
  • Particularly active against the Stamp Act
  • Advocated for colonial rights
• What was the purpose of the Stamp Act Congress in 1765?


  To demand the repeal of the Stamp Act