composites and materials

• uses of copper are malleable and can be bent into any shape then hardens in to a strong material. doesnt react with water it makes good water pipes. good electrical and heat conductor
• bioleaching is when a solution containing bacteria is mixed with low grade ores. copper is converted into a leachate solution and is extracted
• mining copper takes alot of energy by smelting ores by heating ores with carbon. the copper is then purified by electrolysis
• copper is extracted from copper salts by electrolysis or u can get copper by displacement with scrap iron
• corrosion takes place when water and oxygen reacts with metal. when iron or objects containing iron (steel) corrode its called rusting
• fe+o2+h20=hydrated feO
• sacrificial protection is using blocks of magnesium on iron to react instead it will lose electrons and oxidise instead of iron
• 1. galvanising is to cover iron with zinc as a barrier even if theres a scratch sacrificial protection will still take place.
  2. galvanising an aluminium object with aluminium oxide acts as a barrier
• boronsilicate or pyrex glass is made of sand and borontrioxide it had a very high melting point and is used to chemical glasswear and cooking
• three ways to prevent corrosion is by painting , electroplating and grease
• reinforced concrete is an example of a composit the reinorcement is steel and matrix is concrete . its used for buildings because its strong
• composites are made of two different materials to make one good material it has a matrix/binder and reinforcement
• glass is a non - crystaline solid . there are many types

  1. sodalime glass: its made of sand, sodiumcarbonate (Na2CO3) and limestone (CaCO3) its used for glass bottles and windows with a low melting point
• carbon fibre is an example of a composit the reinforcement is carbon fibre and the matrix is plastic resin . its used for car/aircraft part because its light and strong
• example of clay ceramics are pottery and bricks. when the clay is wet its shaped and put into a furnace where the water is removed and chemical reactions take place the product is hard and strong
• phytomining is when plants grow on contaminated land. it absorbs and stores the copper. the plants are then burnt, the ashes contain large quantaties of copper